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time by the controller, or by pilot advice.
2.16.12 Whilst receiving a RIS, the pilot must:
a. maintain a continuous listening watch with ATC and advise
prior to leaving the frequency; and
b. advise ATC prior to any changes to track or level.
2.16.13 Approaching the boundary of the controller’s area of responsibility,
the pilot will generally be advised “RADAR SERVICES
TERMINATED, FREQUENCY CHANGE APPROVED”. If a
continued service is requested, the pilot must advise “REQUEST
HAND-OFF FOR FLIGHT FOLLOWING” and, subject to the
approval of the adjacent ATC unit, the pilot will be instructed to
change frequency for continuation of the RIS.
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
3. LOWEST SAFE ALTITUDE
3.1 Lowest safe altitudes for IFR flights are published in MAP, NOTAM
or AIP Supplement.
3.2 Grid LSALTs have been determined for ERC and TAC. On ERC-H,
the grid for each LSALT is a square with the dimensions of four
degrees of latitude by four degrees of longitude. On ERC-L and
TAC, the grid squares comprise one degree of latitude by one
degree of longitude. The Grid LSALT is normally displayed in the
centre of the grid square.
3.3 A pilot using Grid LSALT for obstacle clearance is responsible for
determining the allowance for navigation error that should be
applied, considering the limitations of the navigation aids or
method of navigation being used for position fixing. This
navigation error allowance must be applied to the proposed track.
The highest Grid LSALT falling within the area covered by the
determined navigation error must be used.
3.4 For routes and route segments not shown on AIP aeronautical
charts, the lowest safe altitude must not be less than that
calculated in accordance with para 3.5 within an area defined in
the following paragraphs 3.8, 3.9 and 3.10.
3.5 The LSALT must be calculated using the following method:
a. where the highest obstacle is more than 360FT above the
height determined for terrain, the LSALT must be 1,000FT
above the highest obstacle; or
b. where the highest obstacle is less than 360FT above the
terrain, or there is no charted obstacle, the LSALT must be
1,360FT above the elevation determined for terrain; except
that
c. where the elevation of the highest terrain or obstacle in the
tolerance area is not above 500FT, the LSALT must not be less
than 1,500FT.
3.6 An aircraft must not be flown under the IFR, lower than the
published lowest safe altitude or the lowest safe altitude calculated
in accordance with this section, except when being assigned
levels in accordance with radar terrain clearance procedures or
when being flown in accordance with a published DME arrival,
instrument approach or holding procedure, or except when
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
necessary during climb after departure from an aerodrome, or
except during VMC by day (CAR 178 refers).
3.7 If the navigation of the aircraft is inaccurate, or the aircraft is
deliberately flown off track, or where there is a failure of any radio
navigation aid normally available, the area to be considered is a
circle centred on the DR position, with a radius of 5NM plus 20% of
the air distance flown from the last positive fix.
3.8 For Routes Defined by Radio Navigation Aids or to be
Navigated by DR: the area to be considered must be within an
area of 5NM surrounding and including an area defined by lines
drawn from the departure point or en route radio aid, 10.3° each
side of the nominal track (where track guidance is provided by a
radio navigation aid), or 15° each side of the nominal track (where
no track guidance is provided) to a limit of 50NM each side of track,
thence parallelling track to abeam the destination and then
converging by a semicircle of 50NM radius centred on the
destination. On shorter routes, where these lines are displaced by
less than 50NM abeam the destination, they shall converge by a
radius based on that lesser distance. Where the lines thus drawn
come at any time within the coverage of an en route or destination
radio aid the aircraft is equipped to use, they will converge by
straight lines to that aid. The minimum angle of convergence
which must be used in this case is 10.3° each side of track.
3.9 For Operations with Area Navigation Systems (including
GPS): the area to be considered must be within an area of 5NM
surrounding and including an area defined by lines drawn from the
departure point not less than 10.3° each side of the nominal track
to a maximum of 30NM for conventional RNAV systems and 7NM
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