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simultaneously:
(1) visibility of 10KM or more;
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GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
(2) no cloud below 5,000FT or below the highest minimum
sector altitude, whichever is the greater, and no
cumulonimbus;
(3) no precipitation, thunderstorm, shallow fog, low drifting
snow or dust devils. When the term CAVOK is used, the
elements d., e. and f. will not be advised.
4.4.2 The meteorological information provided by Air Traffic Controllers
may be obtained by observation of the whole horizon or only the
area that will contain the probable flight path of an aircraft.
Reports based on AWS data will be limited to wind direction and
velocity, QNH and temperature, except when a qualified observer
at the aerodrome provides visually observed information.
4.5 Approved Observers
4.5.1 “Approved Observers” are officers of the BoM, Air Traffic
Controllers, and other persons on the ground approved for the
purpose by the BoM and/or the CASA.
4.5.2 For the purpose of observing visibility for take-off and landing at an
aerodrome, the pilot in command shall be deemed an approved
observer for that flight.
4.6 Observing Point
4.6.1 The location of the observing point for the aerodrome weather
reports is such that the meteorological conditions observed within
visual range, or interpreted from instruments at that point, are
representative of conditions at the aerodrome.
4.7 Aircraft Weather Reports
4.7.1 The pilot in command of an aircraft is required to observe and
report en route meteorological conditions as prescribed in
Sections 6.2 and 11.3. For this purpose, he/she is deemed an
approved observer.
4.7.2 In addition to requirements for special AIREP reports concerning
MET conditions likely to affect the safety of other aircraft, pilots in
command of flights, in areas where ground meteorological reports
are scanty, are encouraged to report observations of MET
conditions which they consider will assist in the provision of
meteorological services.
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GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
5. METEOROLOGICAL ADVICES
5.1 SIGMET
5.1.1 SIGMET information concerns the occurrence or expected
occurrence, in an area over which area meteorological watch is
being maintained, of one or more of the following:
a. below FL450
active thunderstorm area; 1
tropical revolving storm;
severe line squall; 2
heavy hail;
severe turbulence;
severe icing;
marked mountain waves; 3
widespread sandstorms or duststorms;
volcanic ash cloud;
b. above FL450
moderate or severe turbulence;
cumulonimbus clouds;
hail.
Note: Messages containing SIGMET information for aircraft in
transonic and supersonic flight are identified as SIGMET SST.
1 SIGMET for thunderstorms is only issued when they are:
(1) obscured (OBSC) by haze or smoke and cannot be
readily seen;
(2) embedded (EMBD) within cloud layers and cannot be
readily recognised; or
(3) frequent (FRQ) with little or no separation between
adjacent storms and covering more than 75% of the area
affected.
2 Severe line squall indicates thunderstorms along a line with
little or no separation between the clouds.
3 Mountain Waves are considered severe when accompanying
downdrafts of 600FT/min or more and/or severe turbulence is
observed or forecast.
5.1.2 Pilots in command of aircraft encountering any of the above
phenomena, not notified by SIGMET advices, must report details
of the phenomena in an AIREP SPECIAL.
5.1.3 SIGMET information is issued by MET forecasters and addressed
by ATS as a Hazard Alert to aircraft operating on routes or in areas
likely to be affected. This information will normally relate the
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phenomena reported to designated reporting points, and where
possible, will indicate the area in which the phenomena exist.
5.1.4 Responsibility for SIGMET
High level – above FL185:
SIGMET for high level CAT and high level icing are the
responsibility of the AWC Melbourne.
SIGMET for high level Volcanic Ash Cloud is the responsibility of
the BoM’s Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VACC) Darwin.
Low level – below FL185:
Low level SIGMET issue, generally corresponds to the Areas of
Responsibility as shown in the following diagram:
5.2 SIGMET Format
5.2.1 The format for SIGMET is as follows:
WMO header for Australia:
WCAU01 for SIGMET on tropical cyclones,
WVAU01 for SIGMET on volcanic ash cloud,
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