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radiated together with the station identification; and
c. for newly installed NDBs or experimental facilities, the identifier
XP will be used.
2.9 Remote facilities
Sometimes circumstances necessitate the introduction of a
station identification before the aid is notified as being available for
operational use. Whilst use of the aid in these circumstances does
not present an operational hazard, navigation by use of the aid
must not be planned until its availability is notified by NOTAM.
2.10 Monitoring of Identifier
If a station identification is not received or is corrupt, the aid should
not be used as the primary means of navigation except when its
serviceability in this condition is confirmed by NOTAM.
2.11 Global Positioning System (GPS)
2.11.1 GPS is a satellite-based radio navigation system, based on the
World Geodetic System - 1984 (WGS-84) datum, which provides
highly accurate position and velocity information.
2.11.2 Use of GPS for IFR operations is dependent on the US
Department of Defence GPS Standard Positioning Service
operating to its defined full operating capability. This service does
not meet the requirements for a sole means navigation system.
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
3. COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
3.1 Radio Frequencies
3.1.1 General. Air ground communications in Australian FIRs are
conducted by radiotelephony in the VHF, UHF and HF bands.
Air-to-air communications are normally conducted in the VHF
band. The requirements for carriage of radio communications
systems are contained in GEN 1.5 Section 1. Frequencies are
published in ERSA. VHF is the primary frequency band, with HF
only being used when outside VHF coverage. Selected VHF
frequencies are published in ERSA and are depicted on AIP
Aeronautical Navigation Charts. The estimated coverage is
shown on Planning Chart Australia (PCA).
3.1.2 UHF is intended primarily for use with military aircraft. At some
locations, re-transmit facilities, which permit UHF and VHF aircraft
to copy VHF/UHF transmissions conducted with a common ATS
unit, are installed.
3.1.3 HF – Domestic Operations. The National Aeronautical HF
network appropriate to the area of operations is shown in MAP
(Charts). In TCTAs and OCAs, the ground organisation may
nominate the appropriate International Network to be used by
aircraft. For those operations outside VHF coverage, where the
maintenance of a continuous two-way communications watch with
an airways operations unit is mandatory, the carriage of suitable
HF frequencies is required.
3.1.4 HF – International Operations. HF networks to be used in order
of preference are:
a. the appropriate international network (SEA3, SP6, IN01); or
b. the national network shown in MAP (Charts).
3.1.5 Interpilot Air-to-Air Communication. In accordance with
regional agreements, 123.45MHZ is designated as the air-to-air
VHF communications channel. Use of this channel will enable
aircraft engaged in flights over remote and oceanic areas out of
range of VHF ground stations to exchange necessary operational
information and to facilitate the resolution of operational problems.
3.1.6 SELCAL is available to appropriately equipped aircraft.
Frequencies for this service are listed in ERSA.
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
3.2 Certified Air/Ground Radio Service (CA/GRS)
3.2.1 A Certified Air/Ground Radio Service is an aerodrome-based radio
information service, which may operate at non-controlled
aerodromes. The service is a safety enhancement facility which
provides pilots with operational information relevant to the
particular MBZ or CTAF area airspace and the aerodrome. The
service is operated by or for the aerodrome operator to published
hours, on the MBZ frequency or CTAF assigned to the particular
aerodrome. It is not an Airservices-provided air traffic service.
3.2.2 The service is not a separation service.
3.2.3 The call-sign of the service is the aerodrome location followed by
“Radio”; eg, “Ayers Rock Radio”. The radio operators of the
service have been certified to meet a CASA standard of
communication technique and aviation knowledge appropriate to
the service being provided.
3.2.4 When a CA/GRS is operating in an MBZ or CTAF area, pilot
procedures are unchanged from the standard MBZ/CTAF area
operating and communication procedures.
3.2.5 The operational information provided by a CA/GRS assists pilots
in making informed operational decisions. Pilots retain authority
and responsibility for the acceptance and use of the information
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