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likely to be affected. It will indicate the locality or area in which the
phenomena exist or are expected to exist.
5.3.4 AIRMET information will not be issued on phenomena which are
included in a current area forecast.
5.3.5 Pilots in command who encounter any of the above phenomena,
which have not been notified by a forecast or an AIRMET advice,
should report the details by SHORT AIREP.
Note: AIRMET information is additional to SIGMET information,
which is issued to all aircraft types.
5.4 Volcanic Activity
5.4.1 General. Many volcanoes to the North and East of Australia are
active. This activity is monitored by local authorities, pilots and by
the BoM’s Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) in Darwin using
data from meteorological satellites. During reported activity, the
following procedures will be adopted (pilots should be aware that a
volcano can erupt without notice):
a. Notification of Airborne Volcanic Ash Clouds. During flight
planning, pilots of aircraft proceeding towards known areas of
volcanic activity will be issued current NOTAM and SIGMET
information. The Darwin VAAC will issue a “Volcanic Ash
Advisory” message containing the following information:
(1) VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY
(2) ISSUED (UTC year-month-date and time format)
(3) VAAC: DARWIN
(4) VOLCANO (the name and IAVCEI reference number)
(5) LOCATION (coordinates of volcano in degrees and
minutes)
(6) AREA (State or region of ash)
(7) SUMMIT ELEVATION (AMSL in metres or feet)
(8) ADVISORY NUMBER (incrementing number for
volcano)
(9) INFORMATION SOURCE
(10) AVIATION COLOUR CODE (red, orange, yellow, green
or nil)
(11) ERUPTION DETAILS (summary of the eruption)
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
(12) OBS ASH DATE/TIME (UTC)
(13) OBS ASH CLOUD (Up to 4 layers: levels of cloud,
boundary coordinates, direction of movement, speed of
each cloud mass)
(14) FCST ASH CLOUD +6HR (Date and Time UTC)
(15) FCST ASH CLOUD +12HR (Date and Time UTC)
(16) FCST ASH CLOUD +18HR (Date and Time UTC)
(17) NEXT ADVISORY (Date and Time UTC)
(18) REMARKS (NIL or free text)
An example of this message is shown at Section 24.
b. When areas of volcanic ash are described in SIGMET affecting
air routes within Australian FIRs, airways clearances will be
issued to avoid the stated areas.
c. Prolonged Volcanic Activity. In conjunction with
neighbouring States, temporary airspace and airways will be
established to avoid hazardous areas, and notified by NOTAM.
5.4.2 Pilot Reports. Pilots of aircraft crossing or intending to cross
countries in SE Asia and the SW Pacific which promulgate active
volcano NOTAM, SIGMET or ADVICES should refer to
APPENDIX 1 to this Section.
6. HAZARDOUS WEATHER
6.1 Responsibility
6.1.1 Cooperative and concerted action is required by pilots,
meteorologists and ATS to ensure the most accurate information
is promulgated to assist pilots in the avoidance of hazardous
weather, particularly those phenomena associated with volcanic
ash cloud and thunderstorms – icing, hail and turbulence.
6.1.2 Meteorologists are responsible for the observation of weather
phenomena and forecasting their occurrence, development and
movement, in terms applicable to aircraft operations. These
forecasts need to be produced in sufficient time for avoiding action
to be taken.
6.1.3 ATS is responsible for distributing reports of hazardous
meteorological conditions to pilots as a part of the Hazard Alert
service. ATS also makes visual and limited radar weather
observations for the information of meteorologists and pilots, and
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
GEN (GENERAL) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
is responsible for relaying pilot weather reports to the BoM. At
some locations, ATS is provided with METRAD or RAPIC which
may supplement weather advice by ATS. Details are given at
GEN 3.3 Section 2.12.
6.1.4 Whilst manoeuvring in hazardous weather situations, pilots are
responsible for the safety of their own aircraft using advices and
clearances passed by ATS and information obtained from their
own visual or airborne radar observations. They are also
responsible for passing visual and airborne radar observations of
hazardous weather to ATS.
6.2 Pilot Action
6.2.1 Outside controlled airspace all hazardous weather avoidance
action is the sole responsibility of the pilot in command. However,
in order to preserve the safety of the aircraft and other air traffic,
the pilot in command is requested to advise ATS of intended
actions.
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