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the ground instruction for a student pilot, then expect the
student to demonstrate patterns and landings in the aircraft.
4-19
Figure 4-13. The instructor must continually monitor student
performance when using CAL, as with all instructional aids.
Likewise, it would be unfair to expect a maintenance student
to safely and properly perform a compression check on an
aircraft engine if the student received only e-learning.
Along with the many types of e-learning, there are a variety
of terms used to describe the educational use of the computer.
While there are subtle nuances to the different terms which
include computer-assisted learning (CAL), computerassisted instruction (CAI), computer-based training (CBT),
and computer-based instruction (CBI), this handbook will
use the term “computer-assisted learning” in the following
discussion.
Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) Method
Computer-assisted learning (CAL) couples the personal
computer (PC) with multimedia software to create a
training device. For example, major aircraft manufacturers
have developed CAL programs to teach aircraft systems
and maintenance procedures to their employees, reducing
the amount of manpower necessary to train aircrews and
maintenance technicians on the new equipment. End users
of the aircraft, such as the major airlines, can purchase the
training materials with the aircraft in order to accomplish
both initial and recurrent training of their personnel. Major
advantages of CAL are that students can progress at a rate
which is comfortable for them and are often able to access
the CAL at their own convenience.
Another benefit of CAL is the test prep study guides, useful
for preparation for the FAA knowledge tests. These programs
typically allow the students to select a test, complete the
questions, and find out how they did on the test. The student
may then conduct a review of questions missed.
Some of the more advanced CAL applications allow students
to progress through a series of interactive segments where the
presentation varies as a result of their responses. If students
wish to learn about a particular area, they do so by clicking
the mouse on a particular portion of the screen. They can
focus on the area they either need to study or want to study.
For example, a maintenance student who wants to find
information on the refueling of a specific aircraft could use
a CAL program to access the refueling section, and study the
entire procedure. If the student wishes to repeat a section or
a portion of the section, it can be done at any time merely
by clicking on the appropriate icon.
In teaching aviation students, CAL programs can be used
by the instructor as another type of reference for students
to study. Just as a student can reread a section in a text, a
student can review portions of a CAL program until it is
understood. The instructor must continue to monitor and
evaluate the progress of the student as usual. This is necessary
to be certain a student is on track with the training syllabus.
At times, instructors may feel that they are doing more
one-on-one instruction than in a normal classroom setting,
but repetitive forms of teaching may be accomplished by
computer. This actually gives the instructor more time for
one-on-one teaching. Remember, the computer has no way
of knowing when a student is having difficulty, and it will
always be the responsibility of the instructor to provide
monitoring and oversight of student progress and to intervene
when necessary. [Figure 4-13]
Real interactivity with CAL means the student is fully engaged
with the instruction by doing something meaningful which
makes the subject of study come alive. For example, the student
controls the pace of instruction, reviews previous material,
jumps forward, and receives instant feedback. With advanced
tracking features, CAL also can be used to test the student’s
achievement, compare the results with past performance, and
indicate the student’s weak or strong areas.
For most aviation training, the computer should be thought
of as a valuable instructional aid and entrusting an entire
aviation training program to a computer is not practical.
Even airline simulator programs require tailoring and hands
4-20
Figure 4-14. Flight simulator.
on interaction with a human instructor. On the other hand,
CAL is a useful tool for aviation instructors. For example,
in teaching aircraft maintenance, CAL programs produced
by various aircraft manufacturers can be used to expose
students to equipment not normally found at a maintenance
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Aviation Instructor's Handbook航空教员手册(82)
