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instructor to understand and use AC 61-65 in the certification
process.
Additionally, flight instructors are required to make an
endorsement in the PT or applicant’s logbook or training
record whenever the flight instructor provides flight or ground
training. At a minimum this endorsement should include what
actions or instruction were completed and if any regulatory
requirements were met. Citing the appropriate portion of 14
CFR part 61 is also recommended.
Flight instructors also have the responsibility to make logbook
endorsements for pilots who are already certificated such as
sport, recreational, private, commercial, and instrument rated
pilots, as well as flight instructors. Typical endorsements
include but are not limited to flight reviews, instrument
proficiency checks, the additional training required for high
performance, high altitude, and tail wheel aircraft, and types
of glider launches.
Additional rating applicants (e.g., multiengine add-on,
seaplane add-on, glider add-on, helicopter add-on) are rated
pilots and not considered student pilots in accordance with
(IAW) 14 CFR part 61. Flight instructors must endorse the
applicant’s logbook prior to solo flight and prior to being
evaluated for that rating with an endorsement from AC 61-65
stating that the applicant is competent to act as the PIC of
an aircraft in which he or she does not hold a category or
class rating.
The flight instructor may add additional requirements or
restrictions to the endorsement, such as an expiration date.
Practical test endorsements are addressed in AC 61-65. These
Appendix E
Flight Instructor Endorsements
endorsements are regulatory and the pilot applicant must
comply with them.
Flight instructors are responsible for properly documenting
a student or applicant’s completion of prerequisites for a
practical test. Examples of all common endorsements can
be found in AC 61-65, Appendix C. (Further details about
the requirements for each respective endorsement can be
found in 14 CFR part 61.) These examples contain the
essential elements of each endorsement with the goal of
providing guidance and encouraging standardization among
instructors. The flight instructor may need to customize the
endorsement due to an applicant’s special circumstances or
changes in regulatory requirements, but it is recommended
all endorsements be worded as closely as possible to those
in AC 61-65. At a minimum, the flight instructor needs to
cite the appropriate 14 CFR part 61 section that has been
completed. [Figure E-1]
FAA inspectors and DPEs rely on flight instructor
recommendations for student or pilot applicant testing. These
recommendations are accepted as evidence of qualification
for certification and proof that a review of the subject areas
found to be deficient on the appropriate knowledge test has
been given by the flight instructor. Recommendations also
provide assurance the applicant has had a thorough briefing
on the PTS and the associated knowledge areas, maneuvers,
and procedures. If the flight instructor has trained and
prepared the applicant competently, the applicant should have
no difficulty in passing the written and practical tests.
E-2
Sport Pilot
Many consider the advent of the sport pilot certification to be
one of the most significant changes to the airman certification
structure to have occurred in over 50 years. Because of the
growing cost to acquire the private pilot certification, more
and more aviation enthusiasts are considering the sport pilot
as an alternative. Many aircraft already meet the light sport
aircraft criteria, and many manufacturers are now producing
modern light sport aircraft. It is likely that flight instructors
will be asked to provide information, and possibly, training
for this new certificate. Flight instructors should review
14 CFR part 61, subparts J and K, for the requirements for,
and privileges and limitations of, the sport pilot certifications
as well as the new endorsement requirements.
Of particular interest has been the medical requirement.
Subparts J and K also describe the process for sport pilots
and flight instructors with a sport pilot rating to add additional
category/class privileges. Since light sport aircraft must meet
certain criteria, a well-informed flight instructor would be
expected to be acquainted with the basic requirements.
FAA Forms 8710-1 and 8710-11
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Aviation Instructor's Handbook航空教员手册(178)
