Aviation Instructor's Handbook航空教员手册(8)

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Defining the Problem ............................................8-15
Choosing a Course of Action ................................8-15
Implementing the Decision and Evaluating
the Outcome ..........................................................8-17
Factors Affecting Decision-Making .........................8-17
Recognizing Hazardous Attitudes ........................8-17
Stress Management ...............................................8-18
Use of Resources ......................................................8-19
Internal Resources ................................................8-19
External Resources ...............................................8-19
Workload Management ........................................8-20
Chapter Summary ........................................................8-21
Chapter 9
Risk Management ................................................9-1
Introduction ....................................................................9-1
Defining Risk Management ...........................................9-2
Principles of Risk Management .................................9-3
Accept No Unnecessary Risk .................................9-3
Make Risk Decisions at the Appropriate Level ......9-3
Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh
the Costs ..................................................................9-3
Integrate Risk Management Into Planning
at All Levels ............................................................9-3
Risk Management Process .........................................9-3
Step 1: Identify the Hazard .....................................9-3
Step 2: Assess the Risk ...........................................9-3
Step 3: Analyze Risk Control Measures .................9-3
Step 4: Make Control Decisions .............................9-3
Step 5: Implement Risk Controls ............................9-4
Step 6: Supervise and Review ................................9-4
Implementing the Risk Management Process ............9-4
Level of Risk ..................................................................9-4
Assessing Risk ...............................................................9-4
Likelihood of an Event ...........................................9-4
Severity of an Event ................................................9-5
Mitigating Risk ..............................................................9-5
IMSAFE Checklist .....................................................9-5
The PAVE Checklist .................................................9-6
Three-P Model for Pilots ...............................................9-8
Hazard List for Aviation Technicians ............................9-9
Pilot Self-Assessment ....................................................9-9
Situational Awareness ....................................................9-9
Obstacles to Maintaining Situational Awareness .....9-10
Operational Pitfalls ...................................................9-11
Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) .................9-11
SRM and the 5P Check ...........................................9-13
The Plan ...............................................................9-14
The Plane .............................................................9-14
The Pilot ...............................................................9-14
xii
The Passengers .....................................................9-14
The Programming ................................................9-15
Information Management .........................................9-15
Task Management (TM) ...........................................9-15
Automation Management .........................................9-15
Teaching Decision-Making Skills ................................9-16
Assessing SRM Skills ..................................................9-17
Chapter Summary ........................................................9-18
Appendix A
References ..........................................................A-1
Appendix B
Developing a Test Item Bank ............................B-1
Appendix C
Certificates, Ratings, and Endorsements ........C-1
Appendix D
Personal Minimums Checklist ..........................D-1
Appendix E
Flight Instructor Endorsements ........................ E-1
Appendix F
Relationships of Decision-Making Models ....... F-1
Glossary ..............................................................G-1
Index ......................................................................I-1
1-1
Derek’s student Jason is very smart and able to retain a
lot of information, but has a tendency to rush through the
　
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