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more commonly used in lecturing rather than in guided
discussions.
Risk elements in ADM. Take into consideration the four
fundamental risk elements: the pilot, the aircraft, the
environment, and external pressures.
Risk management. The part of the decision-making process
which relies on situational awareness, problem recognition,
and good judgment to reduce risks associated with each
flight.
Rote learning. A basic level of learning in which the student
has the ability to repeat back something learned, with no
understanding or ability to apply what was learned.
Scenario-based training (SBT). Training method that uses a
highly structured script of real world experiences to address
aviation training objectives in an operational environment.
Selection-type test items. Test items requiring the student to
choose from two or more alternatives provided. True-false,
matching, and multiple-choice type questions are examples
of selection type test items.
Self-concept. A perception factor that ties together how
people feel about themselves with how well they receive
experiences.
Sensory register. That portion of the brain which receives
input from the five senses. The individual’s preconceived
concept of what is important determines how the register
prioritizes the information for passing it on to the rest of the
brain for action.
G-7
Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM). The art/science
of managing all the resources (both onboard the aircraft and
from outside sources) available to a single pilot (prior and
during flight) to ensure that the successful outcome of the
flight is never in doubt.
Sites. Internet addresses which provide information and often
are linked to other similar sites.
Situational awareness. The accurate perception and
understanding of all the factors and conditions within the four
fundamental risk elements that affect safety before, during,
and after the flight.
Skill knowledge. Knowledge reflected in motor or manual
skills and in cognitive or mental skills that manifests itself
in the doing of something.
Skills and procedures. The procedural, psychomotor, and
perceptual skills used to control a specific aircraft or its
systems. They are the stick and rudder or airmanship abilities
that are gained through conventional training, are perfected,
and become almost automatic through experience.
Source. In communication, the sender, speaker, transmitter,
or instructor who composes and transmits a message made up
of symbols which are meaningful to listeners and readers.
Stem. The part of a multiple choice test item consisting of
the question, statement, or problem.
Stress management. The personal analysis of the kinds of
stress experienced while flying, the application of appropriate
stress assessment tools, and other coping mechanisms.
Supply-type test item. Question in which the student supplies
answers as opposed to selecting from choices provided. Essay
or fill-in-the blank type questions are examples of supplytype test items.
Symbols. In communication, simple oral and visual codes
such as words, gestures, and facial expressions which are
formed into sentences, paragraphs, lectures, or chapters to
compose and transmit a message that means something to
the receiver of the information.
Task. Knowledge area, flight procedure, or maneuver within
an area of operation in a practical test standard.
Taxonomy of educational objectives. A systematic
classification scheme for sorting learning outcomes into three
broad categories (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) and
ranking the desired outcomes in a developmental hierarchy
from least complex to most complex.
Teaching. Instructing, training, or imparting knowledge or
skill; the profession of someone who teaches.
Teaching lecture. An oral presentation that is directed
toward desired learning outcomes. Some student participation
is allowed.
Telling-and-doing technique. A technique of flight
instruction that consists of the instructor first telling the
student about a new procedure and then demonstrating it. This
is followed by the student telling and the instructor doing.
Third, the student explains the new procedure while doing
it. Last, the instructor evaluates while the student performs
the procedure.
Test. A set of questions, problems, or exercises for
determining whether a person has a particular knowledge
or skill.
Test item. A question, problem, or exercise that measures a
single objective and requires a single response.
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Aviation Instructor's Handbook航空教员手册(189)
