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range from receiving through responding, valuing, and
organization to characterization.
Air traffic control (ATC). A service provided by the FAA
to promote the safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air
traffic.
Aircraft checkouts. An instructional program designed to
familiarize and qualify a pilot to act as pilot in command of
a particular aircraft type.
Anxiety. Mental discomfort that arises from the fear of
anything, real or imagined. May have a potent effect on
actions and the ability to learn from perceptions.
Application. A basic level of learning at which the
student puts something to use that has been learned and
understood.
Application step. The third step of the teaching process,
where the student performs the procedure or demonstrates
the knowledge required in the lesson. In the telling-and-doing
technique of flight instruction, this step consists of the student
doing the procedure while explaining it.
Area of operation. A phase of the practical test within the
PTS.
ATC. See air traffic control.
Glossary
Attitude. A personal motivational predisposition to respond
to persons, situations, or events in a given manner that can,
nevertheless, be changed or modified through training as a
sort of mental shortcut to decision-making.
Attitude management. The ability to recognize one’s own
hazardous attitudes and the willingness to modify them as
necessary through the application of appropriate antidotal
thoughts.
Authentic assessment. An assessment in which the student
is asked to perform real-world tasks, and demonstrate a
meaningful application of skills and competencies.
Basic need. A perception factor that describes a person’s
ability to maintain and enhance the organized self.
Behaviorism. Theory of learning that stresses the importance
of having a particular form of behavior reinforced by someone
other than the student to shape or control what is learned.
Bookmark. A means of saving addresses on the World
Wide Web (WWW) for easy future access. Usually done by
selecting a button on the web browser screen, it saves the
current web address so it does not have to be input again in
a lengthy series of characters.
Branching. A programming technique which allows users of
interactive video, multimedia courseware, or online training
to choose from several courses of action in moving from one
sequence to another.
Briefing. An oral presentation where the speaker presents
a concise array of facts without inclusion of extensive
supporting material.
Building block concept.
G-2
Concept of learning that new
knowledge and skills are best based on a solid foundation
of previous experience and/or old learning. As knowledge
and skills increase, the base expands, supporting further
learning.
CBI. See computer-based instruction.
CBT. See computer-based training.
CD. See compact disk.
Cognitive domain. A grouping of levels of learning
associated with mental activity. In order of increasing
complexity, the domains are knowledge, comprehension,
application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
Compact disk (CD). A small plastic optical disk which
contains recorded music or computer data. Also, a popular
format for storing information digitally. The major advantage
of a CD is its capability to store enormous amounts of
information.
Comprehensiveness. The degree to which a test measures
the overall objective.
Computer-assisted instruction. Instruction in which the
instructor is responsible for the class and uses the computer
to assist in the instruction.
Computer-based training (CBT). The use of the computer
as a training device. CBT is sometimes called computer-based
instruction (CBI); the terms and acronyms are synonymous
and may be used interchangeably.
Condition. The second part of a performance-based objective
which describes the framework under which the skill or
behavior will be demonstrated.
Confusion between the symbol and the symbolized object.
Results when a word is confused with what it is meant to
represent. Words and symbols create confusion when they
mean different things to different people.
Cooperative or group learning. An instructional strategy
which organizes students into small groups so that they
can work together to maximize their own and each other’s
learning.
Correlation. A basic level of learning where the student can
associate what has been learned, understood, and applied with
previous or subsequent learning.
Course of training. A complete series of studies leading
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Aviation Instructor's Handbook航空教员手册(184)
