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been given by the flight instructor. Recommendations also
provide assurance the applicant has had a thorough briefing
on the Practical Test Standards (PTS) and the associated
knowledge areas, maneuvers, and procedures. If the flight
instructor has trained and prepared the applicant competently,
the applicant should have no difficulty in passing the written
and practical tests.
Appendix C
Certificates, Ratings, and Endorsements
C-2
Sport Pilot
Many consider the advent of the sport pilot certification to be
one of the most significant changes to the airman certification
structure to have occurred in over 50 years. Because of the
growing cost to acquire the private pilot certification, more
and more aviation enthusiasts are considering the sport pilot
as an alternative. Many aircraft already meet the light sport
aircraft criteria, and many manufacturers are now producing
modern light sport aircraft. It is likely that flight instructors
will be asked to provide information, and possibly, training
for this new certificate. Flight instructors should review
14 CFR part 61, subparts J and K, for the requirements for,
and privileges and limitations of, the sport pilot certifications
as well as the new endorsement requirements.
Of particular interest has been the medical requirement.
Subparts J and K also describe the process for sport pilots and
flight instructors with a sport pilot rating to add additional
category/class privileges. Since light sport aircraft must meet
certain criteria, a well-informed flight instructor would be
expected to be acquainted with the basic requirements.
FAA Forms 8710-1, 8610-2, and 8710-11
Forms 8710-1, 8610-2, and 8710-11 are the print versions of
the Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application. Again, the
instructor ensures the applicant is prepared for the test and
has met all the regulatory requirements, including knowledge,
proficiency, required endorsements, and experience
requirements before the application process. The applicant
then either completes the 8710 or 8610 paper form by hand
or completes a digital computer-based form found on the
FAA website. This form is in PDF. Remind the student that
while the form can be completed online, the data cannot be
saved and the applicant must print a copy before closing the
window or the data will be lost. Instructions for completing
the form are available on the website. After printing the
requisite form, the applicant physically signs it and then the
instructor verifies the information and signs the form, which
the DPE mails to the nearest FSDO. Downloadable versions
of the FAA Forms 8710-1 and 8610-2 are available at www.
faa.gov/library/forms/.
Figures C-2 and C-3 are examples of a private pilot applicant
who received training under 14 CFR part 61. This is only
an example, since the form is periodically revised to reflect
changes in the applicable rules and regulations. If the
current form is a later edition than the one shown here, the
instructions must be read very carefully to ensure all areas
of the form are filled out correctly. The example shown is
annotated with additional guidance to clarify or reinforce
certain areas that are frequently found incomplete by the
FAA during the certification process.
Instructor Records
14 CFR part 61 requires the flight instructor to maintain a
record that includes information on the type of endorsement,
the name of the person receiving the endorsement, and the
date of the endorsement. This information must be kept in a
logbook or a separate document. For a knowledge or practical
test endorsement, the record must include the kind of test,
the date, and the results. Records of endorsements must be
maintained for at least 3 years.
Knowledge Tests
When preparing an applicant for the private certification or
higher grade rating (e.g., commercial or instrument), a test
is required to ensure the student has adequate aeronautical
knowledge in those subject areas listed in 14 CFR part
61. The flight instructor may provide the student with an
endorsement to certify he or she has the required knowledge
to pass the knoweldge test. Some additional ratings do
not require a knowledge test. For information concerning
additional aircraft certifications that do not require knowledge
tests, refer to AC 61-65. Flight instructors must take a short
question test for additional category.
As a general rule the following may be used to determine
if a knowledge test for Private, Commercial, or Instrument
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