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Good teaching techniques are still important, but only if they
aid in student learning. More detailed information about SBT
can be found at www.faa.gov/education_research/training/
fits/.
Prescenario Planning
For SBT instruction to be effective, it is vital that the aviation
instructor and student establish the following information:
Flight scenario:
• Scenario destination(s)
• Desired student learning outcomes
• Desired level of student performance
• Possible inflight scenario changes
Nonflight scenario:
• Narrative of the task goal
• Desired student learning outcomes
• Desired level of student performance
• Possible scenario changes
The aviation industry is moving from traditional knowledgerelated learning outcomes to an emphasis on increased
internalized learning in which learners assess situations and
react appropriately. Knowledge components are becoming an
important side effect of a dynamic learning experience.
Reality is the ultimate learning situation and SBT attempts to
get as close as possible to this ideal. It addresses learning that
occurs in a context or situation. It is based on the concept of
situated cognition, which is the idea that knowledge cannot
be known and fully understood independent of its context.
In other words, humans learn better, the more realistic the
situation is and the more they are counted on to perform.
For example, realistic cross-country flight scenarios planned
and executed by the pilot in training with assistance from
the flight instructor begin the early development of flight
deck management skills, situational awareness, and ADM.
Continued engagement by the student in the planning,
executing, and assessment of each scenario reinforces it
throughout the training. It is important to remember the
student is responsible for planning the flight scenario from a
menu of short cross-country flights developed by the training
provider. While the flight instructor will certainly assist the
student in aircraft performance data, weight and balance, and
general aircraft layout prior to the first lesson, the sooner the
student assumes these responsibilities, the better the learning
environment. The scenario descriptions offered in the FAA
generic syllabi are a starting point for the training provider.
Scenarios can be tailored for the local weather and terrain
conditions and are most effective when they replicate the
environment most likely encountered by the students.
6-12
Figure 6-10. Very light jet aircraft in flight.
Single-Pilot Resource Management
SRM is the art and science of managing all the resources (both
on-board the aircraft and from outside sources) available
to a single pilot (prior and during flight) to ensure that the
successful outcome of the flight is never in doubt.
The emergence of very light jet (VLJ) aircraft will
revolutionize the way America travels. [Figure 6-10] Central
to their economic success is the concept of single-pilot
operations. Since the aircraft is heavily automated, the pilot’s
workload may actually be less than the current workload in a
high performance single-engine aircraft of today. This allows
more time for the pilot to gather and analyze information
about weather, winds, landing conditions, fuel state, pilot
physical condition, and passenger desires.
However, unless the pilot is trained to manage all of these
factors and to let the aircraft automation assist, the workload
may be very high. SRM training helps the pilot maintain
situational awareness by managing the automation and
associated aircraft control and navigation tasks. This enables
the pilot to accurately assess, manage risk, and make accurate
and timely decisions. SBT enhances SRM because SBT
helps pilots learn how to gather information, analyze it, and
make decisions.
Chapter Summary
As indicated by this chapter, it is possible to develop
well-planned and organized instruction by using a training
syllabus and lesson plans that meet all regulatory certification
requirements. By identifying and incorporating “blocks of
learning” into the teaching of objectives, the instructor can
plan lessons that build on prior knowledge. Maneuver and/or
procedure training coupled with SBT will help the aviation
instructor train professional aviators and technicians who are
able to gather and analyze information to aid in making good
aeronautical decisions and decrease risk factors, leading to a
successful flight or maintenance outcome.
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Aviation Instructor's Handbook航空教员手册(114)
