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Flight instructors must ensure student pilots develop the
required skills and knowledge prior to solo flight. The student
pilot must show consistency in the required solo tasks:
takeoffs and landings, ability to prioritize in maintaining
control of the aircraft, proper navigation skills, proficiency
in flight, proper radio procedures and communication skills,
and traffic pattern operation. Student pilots should receive
instruction to ask for assistance or help from the ATC system
when needed.
Mastery of the skill set includes consistent use and continued
growth as well as increased accuracy of performance. The
instructor determines when a student is ready for his or
her first solo flight. Generally this determination is made
when the instructor observes the student from preflight to
engine start to engine shutdown and the student performs
consistently, without need of instructor assistance.
Flight instructors need to provide adequate flight and ground
instruction for “special emphasis” items listed in each PTS
for airplane, helicopter, and light sport aircraft. The student
needs to be knowledgeable in these special emphasis areas
because examiners and authorized instructors place special
emphasis upon areas considered critical to flight safety.
Special emphasis items include, but are not limited to:
1. Positive aircraft control
2. Procedures for positive exchange of flight
controls
3. Stall and spin awareness (if appropriate)
4. Collision avoidance
5. Wake turbulence and low-level wind turbulence and
wind shear avoidance
6. Runway incursion avoidance
7-6
7. Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT)
8. Aeronautical decision-making (ADM)/risk
management
9. Checklist usage
10. Spatial disorientation
11. Temporary flight restrictions (TFR)
12. Special use airspace (SUA)
13. Aviation security
14. Wire strike avoidance
Flight instructors should be current on the latest procedures
regarding pilot training, certification, and safety. It is the
flight instructor’s responsibility to maintain a current library
of information. These sources are listed in the appropriate
PTS, and other sources can be located on the Internet at www.
faa.gov and www.faasafety.gov. The FAA website provides
comprehensive information to pilots and instructors. Other
aviation organizations also have excellent information.
However, an instructor is bound to follow any procedures
in the manner prescribed by the FAA. If an instructor needs
any assistance, he or she should contact a more experienced
instructor, an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE), or the
local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO).
Aviator’s Model Code of Conduct
The Aviator’s Model Code of Conduct presents broad
guidance and recommendations for General Aviation (GA)
pilots to improve airmanship, flight safety, and to sustain
and improve the GA community. The Code of Conduct
presents a vision of excellence in GA aviation. Its principles
both complement and supplement what is merely legal. The
Code of Conduct is not a “standard” and is not intended to
be implemented as such. The code of conduct consists of the
following seven sections:
1. General Responsibilities of Aviators
2. Passengers and People on the Surface
3. Training and Proficiency
4. Security
5. Environmental Issues
6. Use of Technology
7. Advancement and Promotion of General Aviation
Each section provides flight instructors a list of principles and
sample recommended practices. Successful instructor pilots
continue to self-evaluate and find ways to make themselves
safer and more productive instructors. The Aviator’s Model
Code of Conduct provides guidance and principles for
the instructor to integrate into their own practices. More
information about the Aviator’s Model Code of Conduct can
be found at www.secureav.com.
Safety Practices and Accident Prevention
Aviation instructors are on the front line of efforts to improve
the safety record of the aviation industry. Safety, one of
the most fundamental considerations in aviation training,
is paramount. FAA regulations intended to promote safety
by eliminating or mitigating conditions that can cause
death, injury, or damage are comprehensive, but even the
strictest compliance with regulations may not be sufficient
to guarantee safety. Rules and regulations are designed to
address known or suspected conditions detrimental to safety,
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Aviation Instructor's Handbook航空教员手册(119)
