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Aviation Psychology. This issue contains two more: “Emergency 911—The Story of EMS Helicopter Operations,”
and “Lost Com,” an investigation of the factors involved in loss of communication. We also have an excellent
examination of jet blast problems, and, for the second time, a review of ASRS Database Statistics. Don’t forget—
we like to hear from you; if you have suggestions or comments, kindly drop us a line. Here are the articles in this issue:
Ground JET BLAST Hazard by Rowena Morrison ................................................................ 4
Rowena Morrison, Editor of ASRS’ award-winning CALLBACK publication, takes a look at
ground jet blast hazards. Although the aviation industry has made great strides in reducing
these hazards, Rowena finds that jet blast remains a safety concern. Read along as she takes
a fresh look at ground jet blast hazards and passes along some time-tested and new
suggestions for dealing with the problem.
Emergency 911—EMS Helicopter Operations by Linda Connell and Marcia Patten .......12
Do you, or someone you know, owe your lives to the pilots and medical team of an Emergency
Medical Service (EMS) helicopter crew? The pressures that EMS crews face, and the
conditions under which they must operate, are examined in this excellent adaptation of the
paper presented at OSU by Linda Connell. Even if you fly a 747, you will have a heightened
appreciation of the men and women in EMS operations the next time that you hear the
callsign “Lifeguard” on the radio.
Lost Com by Charles Drew, Andrew Scott, and Bob Matchette ...........................................19
Ever since we started relying on radios for communication and control in aviation, we have
had loss-of-communication problems. This article examines the how and why of loss-ofcommunication
events, then takes a further look at why there is often a delay in pilot
recognition in lost com. The article sums up with some advice from our pilot and controller
analyst staff on how to prevent, or recover from “Lost Com.”
ASRS Database Statistical Information compiled by Loren Rosenthal .........................26
We first published a summary of ASRS Database statistics in Issue Number 4 of ASRS
Directline (June 1993). Here is an updated version that includes data through the end of 1993;
we intend to provide these data on a yearly basis. Who reports to the ASRS, and what kind
of events are they experiencing? After you take a look at this section, drop us a line and let
us know how you use this information, and what statistical data you might like to see in
future issues.
You are encouraged to reproduce and redistribute any of the articles and information contained in ASRS
Directline. We do ask that you give credit to the authors of each article and, of course, to the ASRS. Comments
or questions about Directline may be directed to the ASRS at P.O. Box 189, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0189.
............................................................................................................................. Charles Drew, ASRS Directline Editor
4 Issue Number 6
by Rowena Morrison
“During taxi out…we were informed on the Ground frequency by Air Carrier B
that one of their passengers deboarding behind us was “blown down and
injured” by our jet blast while departing the ramp. All three engines were running
as I anticipated a short taxi. No more than idle thrust was required nor used as we
were very light…I made approximately a 45-degree right turn toward taxiway
before being released from guide person. We could not see, nor were we informed,
of any boarding operation behind us. I believe Air Carrier B was remiss for allowing
a deboarding operation behind a jet whose engines were running.” (ACN 79190)
“…Widebody was cleared for takeoff, and we [commuter twin] were cleared into
position and hold. The Captain called for the controls unlocked and runway
checklist. While on [taxiway] approaching the runway, just after the hold line, the
jet blast hit the airplane. The Captain applied the brakes, however the jet blast
lifted the right wing and the right main gear off the ground. The jet blast blew the
aircraft into the blast fence at the approach end of Runway 31L.” (ACN 145186)
Jet Blast Data
Almost every commercial jet operating manual has
one—a single page with the matter-of-fact title, “Jet
Blast Data.” On this page is a diagram of the aircraft’s
jet blast “damage profile,” as measured from the tail and
with engines at low RPM settings (usually 35 to 40
percent N1). This profile extends in line from the outboard
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