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Such was the surprise awaiting one Captain over New York City several years
ago. Recently, though, encounters with lasers have become prevalent enough to
attract media attention.
Lasers—standing for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation—
are light beams powerful enough to cut through metal, or delicate
enough to perform microscopic surgery. Apart from their scientific and medical
uses, lasers are being used increasingly to produce spectacular, crowd-pleasing
light shows at concerts, fairs, theme parks, and casinos.
by Marcia Patten
16 Issue Number 7
Flash Blindness
However, there is a more widespread
problem associated with laser shows,
that of flash blindness. A sudden flash
from a laser or any other bright light
causes a spot or halo to remain at the
center of the visual field for a few seconds
or even a minute, rendering a
person virtually blind to all other visual
input. At night, a flash destroys
the eye’s adaptation to the dark environment;
partial recovery of this adaptation
is usually achieved in 3-5 minutes,
but full adaptation typically
requires 40-45 minutes or more. ASRS
receives many reports of flash blindness
being caused by various light
sources, among them: lightning
strikes, searchlights, aircraft static discharges
or electrical short circuits, reflections
from glass high-rise buildings,
and even floodlights from golf
course driving ranges. A First Officer
flying near Miami at night reported
just such an experience:
✍ “At 10,000 feet, approximately 8
miles from downtown, a green laser was
being used for a laser light show. The laser
flashed directly into my eyes. I was
blinded for about 2 seconds. I had trouble
with near focus for about 15 seconds. My
eyes ‘hurt’ for about 2 minutes. All normal
post incident.” (# 149671)
Loss of “night vision” could be particularly
dangerous for a single pilot,
who has no one else in the cockpit to
provide assistance while initial recovery
of night vision begins.
Current Regulations
In general, commercial laser light
demonstrations are regulated by the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
via its Center for Devices and Radiological
Health. When a laser operator
applies for a permit for an outdoor
light show, the regional FAA Air Traffic
Division conducts a study of the effects
a light show may have upon
nearby navigable airspace. The study
considers many issues, including:
✔ Quantities of traffic affected;
✔ Traffic flow, especially arrival and
departure corridors;
✔ Locations of aviation activity that
may be affected, including lowlevel
helicopter activity;
✔ Control jurisdiction, i.e., Tower or
Center;
✔ Coordination with local officials,
i.e., airport managers, FAA Air Traffic
Managers, military representatives;
✔ Possible flight restrictions that
should be imposed;
✔ Negotiations to resolve objectionable
effects, such as limiting wattage,
restricting direction and or elevation
of projections, weather
requirements, etc.
The FAA combines its study results
with information supplied by the FDA
to develop power restrictions for laser
use in navigable airspace. The most
explicit restrictions define a horizontal
and a vertical “eye-safe distance” for
each display, depending on the type
and intensity of the lasers used. Exposure
at any closer than this distance is
deemed to be potentially injurious to
pilots’ or passengers’ eyes.
Issue Number 7 17
An Eyeful from “The Strip”
Las Vegas, Nevada, seems to be a
hotbed of laser activity. On any
evening, three or four outdoor laser
light shows might pierce the skies.
These shows have become a major
source of pilot complaints and a major
recipient of careful scrutiny by the
FAA Air Traffic Management office.
One crew departing Las Vegas got
more than the “eyeful” usually associated
with The Strip:
✍ “[On takeoff], at approximately 500
feet AGL, a laser beam of green light
struck through the right side window of
my cockpit striking my First Officer in the
right eye and blinding both he and I for
approximately 5-10 seconds due to the
intensity of the light beam. I immediately
notified the Tower Controller [who stated]
that this had become a recurring problem
with the laser show coming from the top
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