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carrier accidents and serious incidents, the
traveling public feels the same way about their
crew members. Keep the sterile cockpit
“clean.” Your fellow crew members and passengers
are hoping that you will.
THE STERILE COCKPIT
The Aviation Safety Reporting System is a cooperative program established by the Federal Aviation Administration’s Office
of The Assistant Administrator for Aviation Safety, and administered by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Issue Number 5
2 Issue Number 5
Issue Number 5 3
Welcome to issue five of ASRS Directline. Two of the articles that follow are adaptations of research papers that were
presented at the Ohio State University (OSU) 7th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Future issues
of Directline will feature additional research articles. In every issue of Directline, we strive to improve both the
content and the format. Some users have noted that the ASRS report narratives can be difficult to read when set
in italics, so we have set reporter narrative blocks in roman text with a writing hand symbol (✍) to help you identify
those passages. We will continue to set reporters’ remarks that are imbedded in other textual sections in italics —
so you are sure whose comments they are. It is these report narratives that make Directline and CALLBACK what
they are — thanks to you, the users and supporters of the ASRS program. Here are the articles in this issue:
PDC’s — The Problems with Pre-Departure Clearances by Charles Drew .................. 4
In an effort to reduce radio frequency congestion problems at busy airports, most air carriers
have cooperated with the FAA to implement Pre-Departure Clearances (PDC’s). PDC’s have
been effective in reducing radio traffic volume, but there have been some growing pains. Read
this article to find out how to avoid the pitfalls of PDC’s.
Air Carrier Ground Icing by Robert L. Sumwalt .................................................................... 9
Captain Sumwalt is back again — this time to talk about ground deicing and anti-icing issues
in air carrier operations. This is a distillation of the paper presented in April, 1993 at the OSU
Symposium on Aviation Psychology. We have noted that Directline articles tend to show up
in other publications six months or more after they appear here. Include this article in your
publishing plans for the fall — just in time for the next season of ice and snow.
One More Leg by Bob Matchette ..........................................................................................14
Air carrier duty and flight scheduling has been a hot topic for pilots since the first departure
of a commercial flight. In this article, Bob Matchette takes a look at the flight and duty
schedule problems faced by crews in commuter operations. We hope the information
contained in this article can help pilots and operators avoid some of the pitfalls inherent in
“One More Leg.”
Hurry-Up Syndrome by Jeanne McElhatton and Charles Drew ..........................................19
Here is another OSU presentation, “Hurry-Up Syndrome.” This is an examination of issues
and problems that occur when flight crews are pressured, by themselves or others or by
circumstance, to hurry their tasks and duties. Our primary finding was quite a surprise for
us — see if it is a surprise for you, too. This review can help you identify and avoid potential
hurry-up errors.
Users are encouraged to reproduce and redistribute any of the articles and information contained within these
pages — we merely ask that you give credit to the ASRS and to the authors. Comments or questions concerning
information in this issue may be directed to the ASRS at P.O. Box 189, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0189.
Charles Drew, ASRS Directline Editor
4 Issue Number 5
Wrong, Wrong, Wrong
Sometimes flight crews misread or misinterpret PDC’s.
Wrong Flight
One variation of the PDC problem is getting a PDC meant for
another flight:
✍ “We receive our PDC’s with our flight packets containing
release, weather, NOTAMS, and flight data sheet. During
review of the packet, I did not notice that our PDC did not
match our flight. After takeoff, Departure Control gave us a
correction to our transponder code. We corrected the code as
requested and the PNF checked the code on the PDC and
showed it to me…I did not notice the wrong flight number,
having my…attention on flying…the Controller notified us
that the code originally used was for…flight XXX — the PDC
in our possession, but not our flight YYY. The mix-up was
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