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If this trip is flown as scheduled, 8 hours and 45
minutes is available for: 1) traveling to and from
lodging, 2) eating evening and morning meals,
and, 3) preparing for and arising from sleep. If
transportation to and from lodging takes 30
minutes, and evening and morning meals can be
consumed in one hour, and one hour is devoted
to preparing for and arising from sleep, then
only 6 hours and 15 minutes remain for sleep
(assuming one can immediately drop off to sleep).
Any delays in ground transportation or eating of
meals will of course reduce the time available
for sleep.
Issue Number 5 17
Changing Schedules
Unlike most 9-to-5 jobs, commuter airline schedules
can change monthly, and within a given
month, report for duty and off-duty times change
as well. Such changes can reduce the amount of
useful rest regardless of the length of layover, as
this reporter notes:
✍ “Somehow we are supposed to shift from
a morning to late schedule in 11 hours layover
time…I never get more than 4 hours
sleep, usually less…I hate to think how many
accidents have occurred due to this type of
scheduling.” (ACN 92578)
Nightmares
The rest time between scheduled duty segments
is of paramount concern to many commuter
pilots. Writes one tired Captain:
✍ “I completed a minimum crew rest, and
the next day my duty was 13:45 hours. Both
my First Officer and myself are showing
signs of fatigue. I am unable to concentrate,
cannot repeat clearances back if they contain
more than 2 bits of information, and I
cannot even remember my flight number. I
have fixation on simple tasks. I am going to
take some time off without pay because
these effects seem to be cumulative and
intensifying each stressful day. Commonly, I
have had to go 18 to 24 hours without eating.
Attempts to ensure sleep needs and eating
patterns is met with counseling and disciplinary
action.” (ACN 123033)
Standup Overnights
Another scheduling procedure used at regional
carriers is known as the continuous duty or
“stand-up” overnight. These schedules typically
begin in the late evening hours and involve a one
or two-leg flight from a hub city to an outlying
destination where the crew remains on duty
continuously throughout the night until returning
to the hub city, sometimes at first light.
While the crew is often supplied lodging, there
is little time for sleep. As many as three of these
stand-up overnights may be scheduled in consecutive
days resulting in what some reporters
describe as chronic fatigue. One reporter notes:
✍ “We were inbound to Atlanta on the MACY 1 Arrival at
11,000 feet about 60 miles out. ATC told us to cross 40 miles
out at 9000 feet. The Captain was flying. I was the First
Officer, working the radios. I read back the crossing restriction.
The Captain dialed in 9000 feet in the altitude alerter.
Both the Captain and myself simply forgot to descend. At
about 38 DME, ATC asked us our assigned altitude. We then
realized [that] we failed to descend. I read back our altitude
and we descended immediately…A possible contributing factor
could be the lack of adequate rest. We were finishing a
continuous duty overnight and had 4 1⁄2 to 5 hours sleep the
night before. This was my second continuous duty in a row.”
(ACN 200478)
The Captain of the same flight adds:
✍ “Was not able to sleep after going to bed. Got about 4 hours
of sleep. Mentally, I was brain dead.” (ACN 200735)
Another reporter describing an incident while on a continuous
duty overnight claims:
✍ “…only 3 hours rest…the crew was very fatigued yet legal
according to the FARs. I feel this kind of scheduling of standup
overnight duty is an attack on safety. No one can maintain
a high level of safety with only 3 to 5 hours rest at third shift.
We [pilots] and the airlines should stop taking chances with
people’s lives.” (ACN 175515)
A reporter admitting to falling asleep at the controls, adds:
✍ “I feel falling asleep at the controls or on duty has become
almost commonplace, this is especially true on 8 leg days with
12 hours of duty or more. I also find this problem with socalled
stand-up overnights. I believe these scheduling practices
of 8 [or more] legs and stand-ups have made it almost
impossible to be rested for maximum efficiency, safety and
coherency. I feel this situation could be solved by outlawing
stand-up overnights and increasing the required rest period.
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