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vectors, [which] caused us to declare minimum
fuel and ask for priority handling into
ORD [Chicago-O’Hare]…. If priority handling
was not asked for, I am certain we
would have burned considerably more fuel
and possibly had a more serious
fuel situation.”
This flight crew stated their developing fuel
condition; however, this information may not
have been relayed to the next controller. Both
controllers and pilots have a mixed perception
of, and perhaps response to, the term
“minimum fuel.”
ASRS Directline Summer 1992 11
Minimum Fuel Situations
Great Expectations — the Pilot’s Perspective
Pilot expectation of the use of the term
“minimum fuel” is most often Air Traffic Control
(ATC) assistance by way of direct routing,
minimal or no holding, and no off-course
vectors, but this expectation is not always
operationally feasible. Minimum fuel does not
mean priority handling to all pilots; it most
certainly does not of itself indicate emergency.
Some pilots are very disturbed because they do
not receive expected assistance when stating
minimum fuel. Others are disturbed because a
controller appears to unilaterally declare an
emergency and give priority handling.
One pilot suggests that controllers do not really
understand the term “minimum fuel.” He might
well have included pilots in that statement.
“ … When it became apparent that I was
going to have to go into my reserve fuel, I
informed the Controller that we were
‘minimum fuel.’ He asked if I was declaring
an emergency, and I told him no. He then
asked for my fuel status in minutes and I told
[him] forty-five minutes. Later in the approach
I heard another airliner being given a
vector to make room for a priority fuel. I
believe that ATC unilaterally declared an
emergency for me without informing me,
giving rise to my belief that they do not
understand the minimum fuel statement as
outlined in the AIM.”
Interpretation and semantics appear to be a
major part of the great expectations mix-up.
Terminology played a roll for this flight crew:
“Approaching the VOR we were told to slow
and expect [a] hold. The Captain decided,
wisely, that we would be fuel critical if we
held the thirty minutes and then proceeded …
we were turning inbound second turn in
holding. [The] Captain informed Center we
needed to divert. [The] Center informed us we
were now cleared direct if we wanted it. We
took that routing. On switch over to Chicago
Approach, Approach asked if we were declaring
an emergency; [we] told them no. An
interesting conversation took place regarding
our fuel. The expression ‘fuel critical’ was
used. Finally, Approach informed us [the
term] fuel critical was an emergency, and they
were declaring an emergency [on our behalf].
If fuel critical means you have an emergency,
we were not fuel critical. I think minimum
fuel would have been more appropriate in our
situation.”
Note the reporter’s belated assessment of his
choice of terminology. His final thoughts are
correct; this would have been precisely the
proper use of a minimum fuel declaration.
Controller Perceptions
What is the controller perception and/or expectation
when “minimum fuel” is used? One
Controller’s response was “Minimum fuel
doesn’t mean a thing to me.” Another, and
opposite response, is “Understand you are
declaring an emergency.” Controllers are also
prone to ask if assistance or emergency equipment
is needed. They most often try to offer
assistance, and may even declare an emergency
— much to the flight crew’s dismay.
“ … The Captain stated he would be unable to
accept the continued delay vectors as we were
approaching ‘minimum fuel.’ The ATC
Approach Controller gave us direct LGA and
squawk 7700. At that time the Captain stated
we were not declaring an emergency. The ATC
Controller stated that he was declaring the
emergency, and again gave us direct LGA and
squawk 7700….” (Emphasis added.)
12 Summer 1992 ASRS Directline
Great Expectatioioioioioioioioioions
Conflict
Controllers declare emergencies — pilots resist
the declaration, but expect priority handling.
There is an obvious misconception in the use of
the term “minimum fuel.” The phrase does not
require, order, or demand priority handling;
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