曝光台 注意防骗
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We found six other reports in the data set that cited the elevated
height of wing and tail surfaces as a major factor in ice inspection/
detection difficulties. The solution is obvious, but essential to flight
safety: Operators must ensure that ladders and work stands are
readily available for ice inspections. For those areas that cannot
otherwise be accessed, consideration should be given to using
“cherry pickers.”
Ice Hard to See
Shortly after rotation, the crew of one transport jet heard several
loud engine compressor stalls. Following a precautionary landing
the crew discovered engine foreign object damage (FOD).
From the ASRS report:
✍ “F/O had inspected wings (tops) for ice and could see none,
however it was dark during preflight.” (ACN 79693)
In this instance, the suspected culprit was undetected clear ice that
had peeled off of the wings at rotation and was ingested by the
engine. Clear ice that forms on upper and lower wing surfaces on
some aircraft as a result of supercooled fuel lowering the temperature
of adjacent wing surfaces, can be a serious problem because it
is difficult to see with the naked eye.
Eleven percent of the reports in this study cited ice detection
problems such as crews being unable to see ice due to poor lighting
conditions, the transparent nature of clear ice, or ice that was
otherwise hidden from view. Not being able to reach ice during a
tactile wing inspection was also cited.
Air Carrier Ground Icing
When looking for clear ice, the surest detection
method is a close visual examination combined
with a “hands on” check of the wing. This, combined
with vigilance, proper lighting and iceinspection
equipment should ensure a high probability
of detecting clear ice.
Schedule Pressure
✍ “This is another case of a Captain thinking
she is helping the company out by cutting
corners in an attempt to save time on a flight
that is operating behind schedule…I was
outside, ready to perform the preflight
walkaround. I immediately noticed that the
aircraft had picked up considerable ice [on
the inbound] flight. I informed the Captain of
my findings and suggested [that] she take a
look and have it deiced before departure. She
went outside, came right back in and to my
amazement said, ‘It looks OK to me.’ ”
(ACN 107073)
A sound corporate safety philosophy, reinforced
by clearly written policies, procedures, and management
attitudes, can help relieve a
crewmember’s self-imposed (or management
imposed) schedule pressure. It is human nature
for many people to hurry their tasks in order to
“get the job done,” so it is imperative that management
establish a corporate culture that encourages
crews to set safety as their top priority.
Problems with Ice Removal
Half the reports in our study mentioned problems
with ice removal and/or verification of ice
removal. Thirteen reports cited problems of ice
still remaining on aircraft critical surfaces after
deicing was completed.
✍ “…the first officer discovered that even
after deicing was accomplished there was 1⁄4
inch of ice adhering to the…flaps (trailing
edge) so he called the appropriate parties and
requested that the…wings be done again. The
deicing procedure was repeated…and upon
inspection we found that they had again missed
the [ice] on the flaps.” (ACN 61983)
Issue Number 5 11
Procedural Problems
✍ “Number 3 engine failed at rotation.
Strongly suspect improper glycol procedure
caused failure…We now believe untrained
personnel used improperly prepared solution
to remove ice from aircraft.” (ACN 79411)
Procedural problems were noticed in 13 reports.
Referenced were problems such as failure of
deicing crews to follow prescribed procedures,
inadequately designed procedures for deicing
and/or post deicing checks, poor communication
between deicing crews and flight crews, improperly
prepared deicing fluids, lack of reliable
equipment, and inadequate staffing to conduct
deicing. Another report excerpt:
✍ “The local policy is to use [an] unheated
mixture of glycol in a 2.5 gallon garden sprayer
to apply to the wing surfaces. This procedure
does not have the heat to remove and melt ice
formed on the wing…” (ACN 198247)
As for staffing, the following report addresses
the hazards of understaffing:
✍ “Following deicing…the deicing unit hit
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