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✍ “I believe the Controller was working
2 frequencies and the fact that there
were similar flight numbers on each frequency
were the contributing factors.
Controllers working separate frequencies
make it very difficult for us to maintain
as high a situational awareness as we
could. On a single frequency we are able
to hear if another flight answers the
Controller’s instructions when we think
the instructions are for us. That raises
the question in our minds and we are
able to ask, ‘Was that last call for us?’
Similar flight numbers, be it on a single
frequency or separate frequencies, are a
major drawback.” (#246226)
Juggling Act
Modern electronics—GPWS, TCAS,
FMS, and ACARS, for example—abound
in an aircraft cockpit. All that complex
equipment, as well as cockpit checklists,
company communications, and PA announcements,
may produce additional
distractions for pilots trying to listen for
critical radio transmissions. A Captain
provides an example of distraction and
divided attention:
✍ “The copilot…turned the radios over
to me so he could do a passenger announcement.
I acknowledged a frequency
change. I then checked in to the new frequency,
using the callsign of my previous
flight. The Controller, who I think was
expecting me, gave me a clearance for the
correct callsign. I acknowledged, apologized
for the mistake, and continued
without incident. In retrospect, I feel I
was too quick to accept the clearance. I
could have easily taken someone else’s
clearance…You lose your system of double
check when one pilot is off the air getting
ATIS, doing a passenger announcement,
or talking with company.” (#292850)
Confusion Conclusions
✔ Phraseology. Communication
technique is still pilots’ and controllers’
primary defense. Use of
proper phraseology with full
callsigns in every radio transmission
can eliminate many of the
types of miscommunications cited
here.
✔ Attention Management. Attentiveness
to radio traffic and timeliness
of transmissions can ease frequency
congestion.
✔ Cockpit Communication. Communication
within the cockpit can
be critical—all crew members need
to be “in the loop” at high workload
times or during crucial radio
communications to prevent readback/
hearback errors. Whenever
there is doubt about a clearance or
instruction, crews should clarify
the matter among themselves and
with ATC.
10 Issue Number 8
✔ Procedures. Adherence to procedures
can also play a major role in
alleviating callsign confusion.
Careful readback and confirmation
of clearances are all-important. Pilots
and controllers both need to
question transmissions that are out
of the ordinary or don’t sound
“right,” and ask for a repeat if a
transmission is not clear or may
have been stepped on.
✔ Technical Solutions. Technical improvements
may help some aspects
of the problem. Pre-Departure
Clearances (PDCs) have cut down
somewhat on congestion of the
clearance delivery frequencies, but
the FAA has not yet provided a system
for confirmation or acknowledgment
of the correct clearance
being correctly received by the
flight crew. (For more information,
see ASRS Directline #5, Spring 1994,
“PDCs—the Problems with Pre-Departure
Clearances.”) Data Link
may improve problems related to
frequency congestion, blocked
transmissions, speech rate, foreign
and regional accents, and pronunciation
(manner of speech) and
enunciation (speaking distinctly or
with clarity). Human error can still
occur, however, in keying the input
into the Data Link system, or in
trying to read a poorly-lit ACARS
screen or a poor quality print-out.
✔ Company Policy. Company planning
and marketing departments in
all segments of aviation (air carriers,
commuters, corporate departments,
and FBOs) need to be
mindful of the potential for
callsign confusion.
• For air carriers assigning a new
block of flight numbers, a quick
check of the Official Airline
Guide might help determine if
conflicts exist with other aircraft
using similar numbers
along the same routes, or into
and out of airports at the same
time. Coordination between a
company and its regional affiliate
can eliminate a situation
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