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experienced by flight crews in PDC incidents. Note that this
category allowed multiple responses to a single question, so
there are more citations (69) than reports (42) in the data set.
The biggest problem appeared to be failure on the part of the
flight crew to adequately read the PDC, and/or to note changes
in the PDC.
Transponder Verification
In an effort to ensure that a flight has received
the proper IFR clearance, some facilities require
the flight crew to read back the PDC
transponder code on Clearance or Ground frequency
prior to departure — this can catch
many potential PDC problems. Other ATC
facilities, however, do not use this verification
procedure. In 17 of 18 instances in which data
was available, there was no transponder code
verification procedure. Table 1 provides further
detail.
Many pilots are confused about the “chain-ofresponsibility”
in the pre-departure clearance
process. Note the following ASRS report:
✍ “Forgot to get ATC route clearance
through ACARS…taxied out on Ground Control.
No mention of lack of clearance! Took off
…on Tower frequency. No mention of lack of
clearance! Switched to Departure Control.
Again no mention of lack of clearance! They
told us to squawk yyyy as compared to zzzz.
We did. That was our first clue that something
wasn’t right. I checked our ACARS
messages and found no ATC PDC. Nothing
was ever said to us one way or the other!”
(ACN 205530)
It is important to remember that ATC, having
issued the PDC to the company, may or may not
get an acknowledgment of the company’s receipt
of the PDC. ATC certainly will not know if
the flight crew has received the PDC from company
dispatch unless they (ATC) use some sort
of verification procedure.
8 Issue Number 5
PDC‘s — The Problems with Pre-Departure Clearances
Recommendations
Review of these PDC incident reports leads to a number of suggestions
for all parties involved in PDC transactions.
Pilots
★ Check for Clearance: PDC’s introduce a new variable in
cockpit management — how and when a clearance is received.
As one reporter notes, “…many airports do not have PDC’s, so
it is not an acquired habit to check for a PDC…” (ACN 218886)
Adding an “ATC clearance received and reviewed” item to the
written checklist may help assist pilots’ memory until the
process is routine.
★ Look for Errors: Is the PDC for the right flight number? For
the right trip segment? For the right day and month? Scanning
carefully for such errors may prevent an embarrassing
incident.
★ Look for Changes: Are the PDC and the filed route the
same? Sometimes PDC formatting and presentation, whether
on ACARS or a printed sheet, can make detecting such
changes difficult, so it is important to review the PDC
carefully.
★ Practice CRM: Good cockpit management and crew coordination
techniques can help catch potential errors. In the words of
one reporter: “I have now selected a place in the cockpit preparation
flow where the PDC message (or radio delivered clearance)
will be reviewed by both pilots, and critical information set in
proper windows for departure.” (ACN 194740) Are flight crew
members in total agreement on what the clearance is? If
not, stop the flow and resolve the discrepancy.
★ Query ATC: Getting a transponder code change from ATC
shortly after departure might be an indication that there is a
PDC clearance misunderstanding. If there is any question
about the clearance, ask your friendly controller for help.
★ Reset The Transponder: Resetting the transponder to
0000 (four zeros) after landing can help you, or the next crew,
detect lack of a PDC. Additionally, should a flight depart
without setting an appropriate IFR code on the transponder,
ATC will be more likely to quickly detect the problem. (Setting
1200 on the transponder may lead a controller to believe the
target is normal VFR traffic.)
Air Carrier Flight Departments
★ Review PDC Format: Is the PDC (whether
using ACARS or a printed message) readable,
clear, concise, and consistent, or do
flight crews need to look in different places to
“piece together” their clearance. Perhaps
having the clearance displayed in a linear,
cohesive manner will reduce the opportunity
for misinterpretation. It may be possible to
highlight changes to the filed route in bold
type or in some other manner. Similarly,
placing the actual, full route clearance at
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