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IATA code 89 is mostly related to “Departure congestion” which can be influenced by
PRR 2009 68 Chapter 6: ANS performance at main airports
ANS. In contrast, “Departure weather” includes “freezing conditions”24. which cannot be
influenced by ANS (IATA codes 71, 75, 76).
6.3.11 No significant change from 2008 to 2009 for IATA code 89, while some increase in predeparture
delays due to weather can be observed in 2009. This would appear to be linked
to the increase in the number of days with “freezing conditions” Once again the
development of indicators by ATMAP to capture the MET conditions will be an
important element to progress in the understanding of airport performance.
6.3.12 Figure 80 shows the off-block delays related to constraints in the movement area at the
departure airport (IATA 89) and due to weather. No significant improvement across
Europe. Significant deterioration in code 89 occurred in Istanbul (+57% at +4% of traffic)
and in Madrid (+47% at -7% of traffic). Further investigations to explain the
deteriorations should be conducted.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
Istanbul
(IST)
London
(LHR)
Madrid
(MAD)
Brussels
(BRU)
Athens
(ATH)
London
(LGW)
Milan
(MXP)
Paris
(CDG)
Roma
(FCO)
Frankfurt
(FRA)
Pre-departure delays [min/departure]
Departure Weather (IATA code 71, 75, 76)
Departure Congestion (IATA code 89)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
2008
2009
Paris
(ORY)
Zurich
(ZRH)
Munich
(MUC)
Amsterdam
(AMS)
Dusseldorf
(DUS)
Vienna
(VIE)
Stockholm
(ARN)
Barcelona
(BCN)
Oslo
(OSL)
Copenhagen
(CPH)
Pre-departure delays [min/departure]
Source : CODA
Period : 2008 - 2009 / 0600 to 2159
71 Departure Station
75 De-icing of Aircraft
76 Removal of snow , ice, w ater and sand from airport
89 Restriction at Airport of departure including ATC
Figure 80: Pre-departure delays at top 20 busy airports
24 Freezing conditions are when the temperature is lower than +3 degrees in presence of water vapour precipitations
(snow, freezing rain, etc.).
PRR 2009 69 Chapter 6: ANS performance at main airports
TAXI-OUT ADDITIONAL TIMES
6.3.13 Figure 81 shows the additional times25 during the taxi-out phase. Some improvements can
be seen in London (LHR & LGW), Barcelona (BCN) and Düsseldorf (DUS).
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
London (LHR)
Roma (FCO)
Istanbul (IST)
London (LGW)
Paris (CDG)
Madrid (MAD)
Barcelona (BCN)
Amsterdam (AMS)
Munich (MUC)
Zurich (ZRH)
Vienna (VIE)
Dusseldorf (DUS)
Milan (MXP)
Paris (ORY)
Frankfurt (FRA)
Oslo (OSL)
Athens (ATH)
Copenhagen (CPH)
Brussels (BRU)
Stockholm (ARN)
Taxi-out additional time [min/departure]
2008
2009
Top 20 average
2008 : 5.1 min/arrival
2009 : 4.9 min/arrival
Source : CODA/CFMU
Period : 2008 - 2009 / 0600 to 2159
Figure 81: Taxi-out additional time at top 20 airports
6.3.14 In May 2009, following a PRC recommendation, the Provisional Council requested the
States to promote the use of airport collaborative decision-making (A-CDM). This could
provide improvements, particularly with regard to a reduction of taxi-out additional times
which may be off-set by an increase of less-costly off-block delays. Currently there are
few but actual progresses in the implementation of CDM project at major airports26.
ESTIMATED TOTAL DELAYS AND ADDITIONAL TIME
6.3.15 Figure 82 provides a consolidated view of off-block delays and additional times related to
ANS. Additional times and ANS-related off-block delays are only partially
interchangeable. Off-block delays are usually used to deal with degraded operating
conditions, while additional times are used to queue traffic in normal operating
conditions. A dramatic reduction of additional times may have negative repercussion in
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Performance Review Report 2009(53)
