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direction of taxiing. (See FIG 2-3-12.) The
geographic position marking is a circle comprised of
an outer black ring contiguous to a white ring with a
pink circle in the middle. When installed on asphalt
or other dark‐colored pavements, the white ring and
the black ring are reversed, i.e., the white ring
becomes the outer ring and the black ring becomes the
inner ring. It is designated with either a number or a
number and letter. The number corresponds to the
consecutive position of the marking on the route.
2/14/08 AIM
Airport Marking Aids and Signs 2-3-11
FIG 2-3-11
Surface Painted Signs
AIM 2/14/08
2-3-12 Airport Marking Aids and Signs
2-3-5. Holding Position Markings
a. Runway Holding Position Markings. For
runways, these markings indicate where an aircraft is
supposed to stop when approaching a runway. They
consist of four yellow lines, two solid and two dashed,
spaced six or twelve inches apart, and extending
across the width of the taxiway or runway. The solid
lines are always on the side where the aircraft is to
hold. There are three locations where runway holding
position markings are encountered.
1. Runway Holding Position Markings on
Taxiways. These markings identify the locations on
a taxiway where an aircraft is supposed to stop when
it does not have clearance to proceed onto the runway.
Generally, runway holding position markings also
identify the boundary of the runway safety area for
aircraft exiting the runway. The runway holding
position markings are shown in FIG 2-3-13 and
FIG 2-3-16. When instructed by ATC to, “Hold short
of (runway “xx”),” the pilot must stop so that no part
of the aircraft extends beyond the runway holding
position marking. When approaching the runway, a
pilot should not cross the runway holding position
marking without ATC clearance at a controlled
airport, or without making sure of adequate
separation from other aircraft at uncontrolled
airports. An aircraft exiting a runway is not clear of
the runway until all parts of the aircraft have crossed
the applicable holding position marking.
REFERENCEAIM,
Exiting the Runway After Landing,. Paragraph 4-3-20.
2. Runway Holding Position Markings on
Runways. These markings are installed on runways
only if the runway is normally used by air traffic
control for “land, hold short” operations or taxiing
operations and have operational significance only for
those two types of operations. A sign with a white
inscription on a red background is installed adjacent
to these holding position markings. (See
FIG 2-3-14.) The holding position markings are
placed on runways prior to the intersection with
another runway, or some designated point. Pilots
receiving instructions “cleared to land, runway “xx””
from air traffic control are authorized to use the entire
landing length of the runway and should disregard
any holding position markings located on the runway.
Pilots receiving and accepting instructions “cleared
to land runway “xx,” hold short of runway “yy”” from
air traffic control must either exit runway “xx,” or
stop at the holding position prior to runway “yy.”
3. Taxiways Located in Runway Approach
Areas. These markings are used at some airports
where it is necessary to hold an aircraft on a taxiway
located in the approach or departure area of a runway
so that the aircraft does not interfere with the
operations on that runway. This marking is collocated
with the runway approach area holding position sign.
When specifically instructed by ATC “Hold short of
(runway xx approach area)” the pilot should stop so
no part of the aircraft extends beyond the holding
position marking. (See subparagraph2-3-8b2,
Runway Approach Area Holding Position Sign, and
FIG 2-3-15.)
b. Holding Position Markings for Instrument
Landing System (ILS). Holding position markings
for ILS/MLS critical areas consist of two yellow solid
lines spaced two feet apart connected by pairs of solid
lines spaced ten feet apart extending across the width
of the taxiway as shown. (See FIG 2-3-16.) A sign
with an inscription in white on a red background is
installed adjacent to these hold position markings.
When the ILS critical area is being protected, the pilot
should stop so no part of the aircraft extends beyond
the holding position marking. When approaching the
holding position marking, a pilot should not cross the
marking without ATC clearance. ILS critical area is
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