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(VFR) and hand-held GPS systems are not
authorized for IFR navigation, instrument approaches,
or as a principal instrument flight
reference. During IFR operations they may be
considered only an aid to situational awareness.
(b) Aircraft using GPS navigation equipment
under IFR must be equipped with an approved and
operational alternate means of navigation appropriate
to the flight. Active monitoring of alternative
navigation equipment is not required if the GPS
receiver uses RAIM for integrity monitoring. Active
monitoring of an alternate means of navigation is
required when the RAIM capability of the GPS
equipment is lost.
(c) Procedures must be established for use in
the event that the loss of RAIM capability is predicted
to occur. In situations where this is encountered, the
flight must rely on other approved equipment, delay
departure, or cancel the flight.
(d) The GPS operation must be conducted in
accordance with the FAA-approved aircraft flight
manual (AFM) or flight manual supplement. Flight
crew members must be thoroughly familiar with the
particular GPS equipment installed in the aircraft, the
receiver operation manual, and the AFM or flight
manual supplement. Unlike ILS and VOR, the basic
operation, receiver presentation to the pilot, and some
capabilities of the equipment can vary greatly. Due to
these differences, operation of different brands, or
even models of the same brand, of GPS receiver
under IFR should not be attempted without thorough
study of the operation of that particular receiver and
installation. Most receivers have a built-in simulator
mode which will allow the pilot to become familiar
with operation prior to attempting operation in the
aircraft. Using the equipment in flight under VFR
conditions prior to attempting IFR operation will
allow further familiarization.
(e) Aircraft navigating by IFR approved GPS
are considered to be area navigation (RNAV) aircraft
and have special equipment suffixes. File the
appropriate equipment suffix in accordance with
TBL 5-1-2, on the ATC flight plan. If GPS avionics
become inoperative, the pilot should advise ATC and
amend the equipment suffix.
(f) Prior to any GPS IFR operation, the pilot
must review appropriate NOTAMs and aeronautical
information. (See GPS NOTAMs/Aeronautical
Information.)
(g) Air carrier and commercial operators
must meet the appropriate provisions of their
approved operations specifications.
e. Use of GPS for IFR Oceanic, Domestic
EnRoute, and Terminal Area Operations
1. GPS IFR operations in oceanic areas can be
conducted as soon as the proper avionics systems are
installed, provided all general requirements are met.
A GPS installation with TSO-C129 authorization in
class A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, or C2 may be used to
replace one of the other approved means of
long-range navigation, such as dual INS. (See
TBL 1-1-5 and TBL 1-1-6.) A single GPS installation
with these classes of equipment which provide
RAIM for integrity monitoring may also be used on
short oceanic routes which have only required one
means of long-range navigation.
2/14/08 AIM
Navigation Aids 1-1-29
2. GPS domestic en route and terminal IFR
operations can be conducted as soon as proper
avionics systems are installed, provided all general
requirements are met. The avionics necessary to
receive all of the ground-based facilities appropriate
for the route to the destination airport and any
required alternate airport must be installed and
operational. Ground-based facilities necessary for
these routes must also be operational.
(a) GPS en route IFR RNAV operations may
be conducted in Alaska outside the operational
service volume of ground-based navigation aids
when a TSO-C145a or TSO-C146a GPS/WAAS
system is installed and operating. Ground-based
navigation equipment is not required to be installed
and operating for en route IFR RNAV operations
when using GPS WAAS navigation systems. All
operators should ensure that an alternate means of
navigation is available in the unlikely event the GPS
WAAS navigation system becomes inoperative.
TBL 1-1-5
GPS IFR Equipment Classes/Categories
TSO-C129
Equipment
Class
RAIM
Int. Nav. Sys. to
Prov. RAIM
Equiv.
Oceanic En Route Terminal
Nonprecision
Approach
Capable
Class A - GPS sensor and navigation capability.
A1 yes yes yes yes yes
A2 yes yes yes yes no
Class B - GPS sensor data to an integrated navigation system (i.e., FMS, multi-sensor navigation system, etc.).
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