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flashes are displayed for land airports while yellow
flashes indicate water airports.
b. Course Lights. The course light, which can be
seen clearly from only one direction, is used only with
rotating beacons of the Federal Airway System:
twocourse lights, back to back, direct coded flashing
beams of light in either direction along the course of
airway.
NOTEAirway
beacons are remnants of the “lighted” airways
which antedated the present electronically equipped
federal airways system. Only a few of these beacons exist
today to mark airway segments in remote mountain areas.
Flashes in Morse code identify the beacon site.
2-2-3. Obstruction Lights
a. Obstructions are marked/lighted to warn airmen
of their presence during daytime and nighttime
conditions. They may be marked/lighted in any of the
following combinations:
1. Aviation Red Obstruction Lights. Flashing
aviation red beacons (20 to 40 flashes per minute)
and steady burning aviation red lights during
nighttime operation. Aviation orange and white paint
is used for daytime marking.
2. Medium Intensity Flashing White
Obstruction Lights. Medium intensity flashing
white obstruction lights may be used during daytime
and twilight with automatically selected reduced
intensity for nighttime operation. When this system
is used on structures 500 feet (153m) AGL or less in
height, other methods of marking and lighting the
structure may be omitted. Aviation orange and white
paint is always required for daytime marking on
structures exceeding 500 feet (153m) AGL. This
system is not normally installed on structures less
than 200 feet (61m) AGL.
3. High Intensity White Obstruction Lights.
Flashing high intensity white lights during daytime
with reduced intensity for twilight and nighttime
operation. When this type system is used, the marking
of structures with red obstruction lights and aviation
orange and white paint may be omitted.
4. Dual Lighting. A combination of flashing
aviation red beacons and steady burning aviation red
lights for nighttime operation and flashing high
intensity white lights for daytime operation. Aviation
orange and white paint may be omitted.
5. Catenary Lighting. Lighted markers are
available for increased night conspicuity of highvoltage
(69KV or higher) transmission line catenary
wires. Lighted markers provide conspicuity both day
and night.
b. Medium intensity omnidirectional flashing
white lighting system provides conspicuity both day
and night on catenary support structures. The unique
sequential/simultaneous flashing light system alerts
pilots of the associated catenary wires.
c. High intensity flashing white lights are being
used to identify some supporting structures of
overhead transmission lines located across rivers,
chasms, gorges, etc. These lights flash in a middle,
top, lower light sequence at approximately 60 flashes
per minute. The top light is normally installed near
the top of the supporting structure, while the lower
light indicates the approximate lower portion of the
AIM 2/14/08
2-2-2 Air Navigation and Obstruction Lighting
wire span. The lights are beamed towards the
companion structure and identify the area of the wire
span.
d. High intensity flashing white lights are also
employed to identify tall structures, such as chimneys
and towers, as obstructions to air navigation. The
lights provide a 360 degree coverage about the
structure at 40 flashes per minute and consist of from
one to seven levels of lights depending upon the
height of the structure. Where more than one level is
used the vertical banks flash simultaneously.
2/14/08 AIM
Airport Marking Aids and Signs 2-3-1
Section 3. Airport Marking Aids and Signs
2-3-1. General
a. Airport pavement markings and signs provide
information that is useful to a pilot during takeoff,
landing, and taxiing.
b. Uniformity in airport markings and signs from
one airport to another enhances safety and improves
efficiency. Pilots are encouraged to work with the
operators of the airports they use to achieve the
marking and sign standards described in this section.
c. Pilots who encounter ineffective, incorrect, or
confusing markings or signs on an airport should
make the operator of the airport aware of the problem.
These situations may also be reported under the
Aviation Safety Reporting Program as described in
paragraph7-6-1, Aviation Safety Reporting Program.
Pilots may also report these situations to the
FAA regional airports division.
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