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and limitations for specific RNP levels.
NOTE−
Some airborne systems use Estimated Position Uncertainty
(EPU) as a measure of the current estimated
navigational performance. EPU may also be referred to as
Actual Navigation Performance (ANP) or Estimated
Position Error (EPE).
1−2−3. Use of Suitable Area Navigation
(RNAV) Systems on Conventional
Procedures and Routes
a. Discussion. This paragraph sets forth policy
concerning the operational use of RNAV systems for
the following applications within the U.S. National
Airspace System (NAS):
1. When a very−high frequency omni−
directional range (VOR), DME, tactical air
navigation (TACAN), VORTAC, VOR/DME, nondirectional
beacon (NDB), or compass locator
facility including locator outer marker and locator
middle marker is out−of−service (that is, the
navigation aid (navaid) information is not available);
an aircraft is not equipped with an ADF or DME; or
the installed ADF or DME on an aircraft is not
operational. For example, if equipped with a suitable
RNAV system, a pilot may hold over an out−of−
service NDB. This category of use is referred to as
“substitute means of navigation.”
2. When a VOR, DME, VORTAC, VOR/DME,
TACAN, NDB, or compass locator facility including
locator outer marker and locator middle marker is
operational and the respective aircraft is equipped
with operational navigation equipment that is
compatible with conventional navaids. For example,
if equipped with a suitable RNAV system, a pilot may
fly a procedure or route based on operational VOR
using RNAV equipment but not monitor the VOR.
This category of use is referred to as “alternate means
of navigation.”
NOTE−
1. Additional information and associated requirements
are available via a 90−series Advisory Circular titled “Use
of Suitable RNAV Systems on Conventional Routes and
Procedures.”
2. Good planning and knowledge of your RNAV system are
critical for safe and successful operations.
3. Pilots planning to use their RNAV system as a substitute
means of navigation guidance in lieu of an out−of−service
navaid may need to advise ATC of this intent and
capability.
b. Types of RNAV Systems that Qualify as a
Suitable RNAV System. When installed in accordance
with appropriate airworthiness installation
requirements and operated in accordance with
applicable operational guidance (e.g., aircraft flight
manual and Advisory Circular material), the
following systems qualify as a suitable RNAV
system:
1. An RNAV system with TSO−C129/
−C145/−C146 (including all revisions (AR)) equipment,
installed in accordance with AC 20−138
(including AR) or AC 20−130A, and authorized for
instrument flight rules (IFR) en route and terminal
operations (including those systems previously
qualified for “GPS in lieu of ADF or DME”
operations), or
7/31/08 AIM
AIM 2/14/08
1−2−6 Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
2. An RNAV system with DME/DME/IRU
inputs that is compliant with the equipment
provisions of AC 90−100A, U.S. Terminal and
En Route Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations, for
RNAV routes.
NOTE−
RNAV systems using DME/DME/IRU, without GPS/WAAS
position input, may only be used as a substitute means of
navigation when specifically authorized by a Notice to
Airmen (NOTAM) or other FAA guidance for a specific
procedure, NAVAID, or fix. The NOTAM or other FAA
guidance authorizing the use of DME/DME/IRU systems
will also identify any required DME facilities based on an
FAA assessment of the DME navigation infrastructure.
c. Allowable Operations. Operators may use a
suitable RNAV system in the following ways.
1. Determine aircraft position over or distance
from a VOR (see NOTE 4 below), TACAN, NDB,
compass locator, DME fix; or a named fix defined by
a VOR radial, TACAN course, NDB bearing, or
compass locator bearing intersecting a VOR or
localizer course.
2. Navigate to or from a VOR, TACAN, NDB,
or compass locator.
3. Hold over a VOR, TACAN, NDB, compass
locator, or DME fix.
4. Fly an arc based upon DME.
These operations are allowable even when a facility
is explicitly identified as required on a procedure
(e.g., “Note ADF required”).
These operations do not include navigation on
localizer−based courses (including localizer back−
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