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runway holding position or ILS/MLS critical area
holding position.
d. Taxiway Centerline Lead-On Lights.
Taxiway centerline lead-on lights provide visual
guidance to persons entering the runway. These
“lead-on” lights are also color-coded with the same
color pattern as lead-off lights to warn pilots and
vehicle drivers that they are within the runway
environment or instrument landing system/microwave
landing system (ILS/MLS) critical area,
whichever is more conservative. The fixtures used for
lead-on lights are bidirectional, i.e., one side emits
light for the lead-on function while the other side
emits light for the lead-off function. Any fixture that
emits yellow light for the lead-off function shall also
emit yellow light for the lead-on function.
(SeeFIG 2-1-9.)
e. Land and Hold Short Lights. Land and hold
short lights are used to indicate the hold short point on
certain runways which are approved for Land and
Hold Short Operations (LAHSO). Land and hold
short lights consist of a row of pulsing white lights
installed across the runway at the hold short point.
Where installed, the lights will be on anytime
LAHSO is in effect. These lights will be off when
LAHSO is not in effect.
REFERENCEAIM,
Pilot Responsibilities When Conducting Land and Hold Short
Operations (LAHSO), Paragraph 4-3-11.
2-1-6. Control of Lighting Systems
a. Operation of approach light systems and
runway lighting is controlled by the control tower
(ATCT). At some locations the FSS may control the
lights where there is no control tower in operation.
b. Pilots may request that lights be turned on or off.
Runway edge lights, in‐pavement lights and
approach lights also have intensity controls which
may be varied to meet the pilots request. Sequenced
flashing lights (SFL) may be turned on and off. Some
sequenced flashing light systems also have intensity
control.
2-1-7. Pilot Control of Airport Lighting
Radio control of lighting is available at selected
airports to provide airborne control of lights by
keying the aircraft's microphone. Control of lighting
systems is often available at locations without
specified hours for lighting and where there is no
control tower or FSS or when the tower or FSS is
closed (locations with a part‐time tower or FSS) or
specified hours. All lighting systems which are radio
controlled at an airport, whether on a single runway
or multiple runways, operate on the same radio
frequency. (See TBL 2-1-1 and TBL 2-1-2.)
2/14/08 AIM
Airport Lighting Aids 2-1-7
FIG 2-1-9
Taxiway Lead-On Light Configuration
TBL 2-1-1
Runways With Approach Lights
Lighting System
No. of Int.
Steps
Status During
Nonuse Period
Intensity Step Selected Per No. of Mike Clicks
3 Clicks 5 Clicks 7 Clicks
Approach Lights (Med. Int.) 2 Off Low Low High
Approach Lights (Med. Int.) 3 Off Low Med High
MIRL 3 Off or Low
HIRL 5 Off or Low
VASI 2 Off
NOTES: Predetermined intensity step.
Low intensity for night use. High intensity for day use as determined by photocell control.
TBL 2-1-2
Runways Without Approach Lights
Lighting System
No. of Int.
Steps
Status During
Nonuse Period
Intensity Step Selected Per No. of Mike Clicks
3 Clicks 5 Clicks 7 Clicks
MIRL 3 Off or Low Low Med. High
HIRL 5 Off or Low Step 1 or 2 Step 3 Step 5
LIRL 1 Off On On On
VASI 2 Off
REIL 1 Off Off On/Off On
REIL 3 Off Low Med. High
NOTES: Low intensity for night use. High intensity for day use as determined by photocell control.
The control of VASI and/or REIL may be independent of other lighting systems.
AIM 2/14/08
2-1-8 Airport Lighting Aids
a. With FAA approved systems, various combinations
of medium intensity approach lights, runway
lights, taxiway lights, VASI and/or REIL may be
activated by radio control. On runways with both
approach lighting and runway lighting (runway edge
lights, taxiway lights, etc.) systems, the approach
lighting system takes precedence for air‐to‐ground
radio control over the runway lighting system which
is set at a predetermined intensity step, based on
expected visibility conditions. Runways without
approach lighting may provide radio controlled
intensity adjustments of runway edge lights. Other
lighting systems, including VASI, REIL, and taxiway
lights may be either controlled with the runway edge
lights or controlled independently of the runway edge
lights.
b. The control system consists of a 3-step control
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