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Operating VFR
a. To maintain IFR proficiency, pilots are urged to
practice IFR procedures whenever possible, even
when operating VFR. Some suggested practices
include:
1. Obtain a complete preflight and weather
briefing. Check the NOTAMs.
2. File a flight plan. This is an excellent low cost
insurance policy. The cost is the time it takes to fill it
out. The insurance includes the knowledge that
someone will be looking for you if you become
overdue at your destination.
3. Use current charts.
4. Use the navigation aids. Practice maintaining
a good course-keep the needle centered.
5. Maintain a constant altitude which is
appropriate for the direction of flight.
6. Estimate en route position times.
7. Make accurate and frequent position reports
to the FSSs along your route of flight.
b. Simulated IFR flight is recommended (under
the hood); however, pilots are cautioned to review
and adhere to the requirements specified in 14 CFR
Section91.109 before and during such flight.
c. When flying VFR at night, in addition to the
altitude appropriate for the direction of flight, pilots
should maintain an altitude which is at or above the
minimum en route altitude as shown on charts. This
is especially true in mountainous terrain, where there
is usually very little ground reference. Do not depend
on your eyes alone to avoid rising unlighted terrain,
or even lighted obstructions such as TV towers.
5-1-3. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) System
a. Time‐critical aeronautical information which is
of either a temporary nature or not sufficiently known
in advance to permit publication on aeronautical
charts or in other operational publications receives
immediate dissemination via the National NOTAM
System.
NOTE-
1. NOTAM information is that aeronautical information
that could affect a pilot's decision to make a flight. It
includes such information as airport or primary runway
closures, changes in the status of navigational aids, ILSs,
radar service availability, and other information essential
to planned en route, terminal, or landing operations.
2. NOTAM information is transmitted using standard
contractions to reduce transmission time. See TBL 5-1-1
for a listing of the most commonly used contractions.
b. NOTAM information is classified into three
categories. These are NOTAM (D) or distant,
NOTAM(L) or local, and Flight Data Center (FDC)
NOTAMs.
2/14/08 AIM
Preflight 5-1-3
1. NOTAM (D) information is disseminated for
all navigational facilities that are part of the National
Airspace System (NAS), all public use airports,
seaplane bases, and heliports listed in the Airport/
Facility Directory (A/FD). The complete file of all
NOTAM (D) information is maintained in a computer
database at the Weather Message Switching Center
(WMSC), located in Atlanta, Georgia. This category
of information is distributed automatically via
Service A telecommunications system. Air traffic
facilities, primarily FSSs, with Service A capability
have access to the entire WMSC database of
NOTAMs. These NOTAMs remain available via
Service A for the duration of their validity or until
published. Once published, the NOTAM data is
deleted from the system.
2. NOTAM (L)
(a) NOTAM (L) information includes such
data as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment
near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids
that do not affect instrument approach criteria, such
as VASI.
(b) NOTAM (L) information is distributed
locally only and is not attached to the hourly weather
reports. A separate file of local NOTAMs is
maintained at each FSS for facilities in their area only.
NOTAM (L) information for other FSS areas must be
specifically requested directly from the FSS that has
responsibility for the airport concerned.
3. FDC NOTAMs
(a) On those occasions when it becomes
necessary to disseminate information which is
regulatory in nature, the National Flight Data Center
(NFDC), in Washington, DC, will issue an FDC
NOTAM. FDC NOTAMs contain such things as
amendments to published IAPs and other current
aeronautical charts. They are also used to advertise
temporary flight restrictions caused by such things as
natural disasters or large‐scale public events that may
generate a congestion of air traffic over a site.
(b) FDC NOTAMs are transmitted via
ServiceA only once and are kept on file at the FSS
until published or canceled. FSSs are responsible for
maintaining a file of current, unpublished FDC
NOTAMs concerning conditions within 400 miles of
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