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been received, the pilot is expected to start a speed
reduction so that the aircraft will cross the fix,
initially, at or below the maximum holding airspeed.
e. When no delay is expected, the controller
should issue a clearance beyond the fix as soon as
possible and, whenever possible, at least 5 minutes
before the aircraft reaches the clearance limit.
f. Pilots should report to ATC the time and
altitude/flight level at which the aircraft reaches the
clearance limit and report leaving the clearance limit.
NOTEIn
the event of two‐way communications failure, pilots are
required to comply with 14 CFR Section 91.185.
g. When holding at a VOR station, pilots should
begin the turn to the outbound leg at the time of the
first complete reversal of the to/from indicator.
h. Patterns at the most generally used holding
fixes are depicted (charted) on U.S. Government or
commercially produced (meeting FAA requirements)
Low or High Altitude Enroute, Area and STAR
Charts. Pilots are expected to hold in the pattern
depicted unless specifically advised otherwise by
ATC.
NOTEHolding
patterns that protect for a maximum holding
airspeed other than the standard may be depicted by an
icon, unless otherwise depicted. The icon is a standard
holding pattern symbol (racetrack) with the airspeed
restriction shown in the center. In other cases, the airspeed
restriction will be depicted next to the standard holding
pattern symbol.
REFERENCEAIM,
Holding, Paragraph 5-3-7j2.
i. An ATC clearance requiring an aircraft to hold
at a fix where the pattern is not charted will include
the following information: (See FIG 5-3-2.)
1. Direction of holding from the fix in terms of
the eight cardinal compass points (i.e., N, NE, E, SE,
etc.).
2. Holding fix (the fix may be omitted if
included at the beginning of the transmission as the
clearance limit).
3. Radial, course, bearing, airway or route on
which the aircraft is to hold.
4. Leg length in miles if DME or RNAV is to be
used (leg length will be specified in minutes on pilot
request or if the controller considers it necessary).
5. Direction of turn if left turns are to be made,
the pilot requests, or the controller considers it
necessary.
6. Time to expect further clearance and any
pertinent additional delay information.
AIM 2/14/08
5-3-10 En Route Procedures
FIG 5-3-2
Holding Patterns
TYPICAL PROCEDURE ON AN ILS OUTER MARKER
EXAMPLES OF HOLDING
L OM M M
RUNWAY
VOR
VOR
TYPICAL PROCEDURE AT INTERSECTION
OF VOR RADIALS
HOLDING COURSE
AWAY FROM NAVAID
HOLDING COURSE
TOWARD NAVAID
VORTAC
15 NM DME FIX 10 NM DME FIX
TYPICAL PROCEDURE AT DME FIX
2/14/En Route Procedures 5−3−11
FIG 5−3−3
Holding Pattern Descriptive Terms
ABEAM
HOLDING SIDE
OUTBOUND
END
HOLDING
COURSE
OUTBOUND
INBOUND
NONHOLDING SIDE
FIX END
RECIPROCAL
FIX
j. Holding pattern airspace protection is based on
the following procedures.
1. Descriptive Terms.
(a) Standard Pattern. Right turns
(See FIG 5−3−3.)
(b) Nonstandard Pattern. Left turns
2. Airspeeds.
(a) All aircraft may hold at the following
altitudes and maximum holding airspeeds:
TBL 5−3−1
Altitude (MSL) Airspeed (KIAS)
MHA − 6,000’ 200
6,001’ − 14,000’ 230
14,001’ and above 265
(b) The following are exceptions to the
maximum holding airspeeds:
(1) Holding patterns from 6,001’ to
14,000’ may be restricted to a maximum airspeed of
210 KIAS. This nonstandard pattern will be depicted
by an icon.
(2) Holding patterns may be restricted to a
maximum speed. The speed restriction is depicted in
parenthesis inside the holding pattern on the chart:
e.g., (175). The aircraft should be at or below the
maximum speed prior to initially crossing the holding
fix to avoid exiting the protected airspace. Pilots
unable to comply with the maximum airspeed
restriction should notify ATC.
(3) Holding patterns at USAF airfields
only − 310 KIAS maximum, unless otherwise
depicted.
(4) Holding patterns at Navy fields only −
230 KIAS maximum, unless otherwise depicted.
(5) When a climb−in hold is specified by a
published procedure (e.g., “Climb−in holding
pattern to depart XYZ VORTAC at or above 10,000.”
or “All aircraft climb−in TRUCK holding pattern to
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