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and isolation of faulty navigation information.
When appropriate navigation signals are available,
FMSs will normally rely on GPS and/or DME/DME
(that is, the use of distance information from two or
more DME stations) for position updates. Other
inputs may also be incorporated based on FMS
system architecture and navigation source geometry.
NOTEDME/
DME inputs coupled with one or more IRU(s) are
often abbreviated as DME/DME/IRU or D/D/I.
AIM 2/14/08
1-2-4 Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
1-2-2. Required Navigation Performance
(RNP)
a. General. RNP is RNAV with on-board
navigation monitoring and alerting, RNP is also a
statement of navigation performance necessary for
operation within a defined airspace. A critical
component of RNP is the ability of the aircraft
navigation system to monitor its achieved navigation
performance, and to identify for the pilot whether the
operational requirement is, or is not being met during
an operation. This on-board performance monitoring
and alerting capability therefore allows a lessened
reliance on air traffic control intervention (via radar
monitoring, automatic dependent surveillance
(ADS), multilateration, communications), and/or
route separation to achieve the overall safety of the
operation. RNP capability of the aircraft is a major
component in determining the separation criteria to
ensure that the overall containment of the operation
is met.
The RNP capability of an aircraft will vary depending
upon the aircraft equipment and the navigation
infrastructure. For example, an aircraft may be
equipped and certified for RNP 1.0, but may not be
capable of RNP 1.0 operations due to limited navaid
coverage.
b. RNP Operations.
1. RNP Levels. An RNP “level” or “type” is
applicable to a selected airspace, route, or procedure.
ICAO has defined RNP values for the four typical
navigation phases of flight: oceanic, en route,
terminal, and approach. As defined in the Pilot/
Controller Glossary, the RNP Level or Type is a value
typically expressed as a distance in nautical miles
from the intended centerline of a procedure, route, or
path. RNP applications also account for potential
errors at some multiple of RNP level (e.g., twice the
RNP level).
(a) Standard RNP Levels. U.S. standard
values supporting typical RNP airspace are as
specified in TBL 1-2-1 below. Other RNP levels as
identified by ICAO, other states and the FAA may
also be used.
(b) Application of Standard RNP Levels.
U.S. standard levels of RNP typically used for
various routes and procedures supporting RNAV
operations may be based on use of a specific
navigational system or sensor such as GPS, or on
multi-sensor RNAV systems having suitable performance.
(c) Depiction of Standard RNP Levels. The
applicable RNP level will be depicted on affected
charts and procedures.
TBL 1-2-1
U.S. Standard RNP Levels
RNP Level Typical Application Primary Route Width (NM) -
Centerline to Boundary
0.1 to 1.0 RNP SAAAR Approach Segments 0.1 to 1.0
0.3 to 1.0 RNP Approach Segments 0.3 to 1.0
1 Terminal and En Route 1.0
2 En Route 2.0
NOTE-
1. The “performance” of navigation in RNP refers not only to the level of accuracy of a particular sensor or aircraft
navigation system, but also to the degree of precision with which the aircraft will be flown.
2. Specific required flight procedures may vary for different RNP levels.
2/14/Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) 1−2−5
TBL 1−2−2
RNP Levels Supported for International Operations
RNP Level Typical Application
4 Projected for oceanic/remote areas where 30 NM horizontal separation is applied
10 Oceanic/remote areas where 50 NM lateral separation is applied
c. Other RNP Applications Outside the U.S.
The FAA and ICAO member states have led
initiatives in implementing the RNP concept to
oceanic operations. For example, RNP−10 routes
have been established in the northern Pacific
(NOPAC) which has increased capacity and
efficiency by reducing the distance between tracks
to 50 NM. (See TBL 1−2−2.)
d. Aircraft and Airborne Equipment Eligibility
for RNP Operations. Aircraft meeting RNP criteria
will have an appropriate entry including special
conditions and limitations in its Aircraft Flight
Manual (AFM), or supplement. Operators of aircraft
not having specific AFM−RNP certification may be
issued operational approval including special conditions
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