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ClassB, Class C, Class D, and Class E surface areas
only. ATC does not provide separation after an
aircraft leaves the Class B, Class C, Class D, or
ClassE surface area on a special VFR clearance.
e. Special VFR operations by fixed‐wing aircraft
are prohibited in some Class B and Class C surface
areas due to the volume of IFR traffic. A list of these
Class B and Class C surface areas is contained in
14CFR Part91, Appendix D, Section 3. They are
also depicted on sectional aeronautical charts.
f. ATC provides separation between Special VFR
flights and between these flights and other IFR
flights.
g. Special VFR operations by fixed‐wing aircraft
are prohibited between sunset and sunrise unless the
pilot is instrument rated and the aircraft is equipped
for IFR flight.
h. Pilots arriving or departing an uncontrolled
airport that has automated weather broadcast
capability (ASOS/AWOS) should monitor the
broadcast frequency, advise the controller that they
have the “one-minute weather” and state intentions
prior to operating within the Class B, Class C,
ClassD, or Class E surface areas.
REFERENCEPilot/
Controller Glossary Term- One-minute Weather.
4-4-7. Pilot Responsibility upon Clearance
Issuance
a. Record ATC clearance. When conducting an
IFR operation, make a written record of your
clearance. The specified conditions which are a part
of your air traffic clearance may be somewhat
different from those included in your flight plan.
Additionally, ATC may find it necessary to ADD
conditions, such as particular departure route. The
very fact that ATC specifies different or additional
conditions means that other aircraft are involved in
the traffic situation.
b. ATC Clearance/Instruction Readback.
Pilots of airborne aircraft should read back
thoseparts of ATC clearances and instructions
containing altitude assignments or vectors as a means
of mutual verification. The readback of the
“numbers” serves as a double check between pilots
and controllers and reduces the kinds of communications
errors that occur when a number is either
“misheard” or is incorrect.
1. Include the aircraft identification in all
readbacks and acknowledgments. This aids controllers
in determining that the correct aircraft received
the clearance or instruction. The requirement to
include aircraft identification in all readbacks and
acknowledgements becomes more important as
frequency congestion increases and when aircraft
with similar call signs are on the same frequency.
EXAMPLE-
“Climbing to Flight Level three three zero, United Twelve”
or “November Five Charlie Tango, roger, cleared to land.”
2. Read back altitudes, altitude restrictions, and
vectors in the same sequence as they are given in the
clearance or instruction.
3. Altitudes contained in charted procedures,
such as DPs, instrument approaches, etc., should not
be read back unless they are specifically stated by the
controller.
c. It is the responsibility of the pilot to accept or
refuse the clearance issued.
4-4-8. IFR Clearance VFR‐on‐top
a. A pilot on an IFR flight plan operating in VFR
weather conditions, may request VFR‐on‐top in lieu
of an assigned altitude. This permits a pilot to select
an altitude or flight level of their choice (subject to
any ATC restrictions.)
b. Pilots desiring to climb through a cloud, haze,
smoke, or other meteorological formation and then
either cancel their IFR flight plan or operate
VFR‐on‐top may request a climb to VFR‐on‐top. The
ATC authorization shall contain either a top report or
a statement that no top report is available, and a
request to report reaching VFR‐on‐top. Additionally,
the ATC authorization may contain a clearance limit,
routing and an alternative clearance if VFR‐on‐top is
not reached by a specified altitude.
c. A pilot on an IFR flight plan, operating in VFR
conditions, may request to climb/descend in VFR
conditions.
d. ATC may not authorize VFR‐on‐top/VFR
conditions operations unless the pilot requests the
VFR operation or a clearance to operate in VFR
conditions will result in noise abatement benefits
2/14/08 AIM
ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation 4-4-5
where part of the IFR departure route does not
conform to an FAA approved noise abatement route
or altitude.
e. When operating in VFR conditions with an ATC
authorization to “maintain VFR‐on‐top/maintain
VFR conditions” pilots on IFR flight plans must:
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