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+3,500and -3,000 feet vertically of the client aircraft
(see FIG 4-5-4, TIS Proximity Coverage Volume).
The range of a target reported at a distance greater
than 7NM only indicates that this target will be a
threat within 34 seconds and does not display an
precise distance. TIS will alert the pilot to aircraft
(under surveillance of the Mode S radar) that are
estimated to be within 34 seconds of potential
collision, regardless of distance of altitude. TIS
surveillance data is derived from the same radar used
by ATC; this data is uplinked to the client aircraft on
each radar scan (nominally every 5 seconds).
b. Requirements
1. In order to use TIS, the client and any intruder
aircraft must be equipped with the appropriate
cockpit equipment and fly within the radar coverage
of a Mode S radar capable of providing TIS.
Typically, this will be within 55 NM of the sites
depicted in FIG 4-5-5, Terminal Mode S Radar Sites.
ATC communication is not a requirement to receive
TIS, although it may be required by the particular
airspace or flight operations in which TIS is being
used.
2/14/08 AIM
Surveillance Systems 4-5-9
FIG 4-5-4
TIS Proximity Coverage Volume
FIG 4-5-5
Terminal Mode S Radar Sites
AIM 2/14/08
4-5-10 Surveillance Systems
FIG 4-5-6
Traffic Information Service (TIS)
Avionics Block Diagram
2/14/08 AIM
Surveillance Systems 4-5-11
2. The cockpit equipment functionality required
by a TIS client aircraft to receive the service consists
of the following (refer to FIG 4-5-6):
(a) Mode S data link transponder with
altitude encoder.
(b) Data link applications processor with TIS
software installed.
(c) Control-display unit.
(d) Optional equipment includes a digital
heading source to correct display errors caused by
“crab angle” and turning maneuvers.
NOTESome
of the above functions will likely be combined into
single pieces of avionics, such as (a) and (b).
3. To be visible to the TIS client, the intruder
aircraft must, at a minimum, have an operating
transponder (Mode A, C or S). All altitude
information provided by TIS from intruder aircraft is
derived from Mode C reports, if appropriately
equipped.
4. TIS will initially be provided by the terminal
Mode S systems that are paired with ASR-9 digital
primary radars. These systems are in locations with
the greatest traffic densities, thus will provide the
greatest initial benefit. The remaining terminal
ModeS sensors, which are paired with ASR-7 or
ASR-8 analog primary radars, will provide TIS
pending modification or relocation of these sites. See
FIG 4-5-5, Terminal Mode S Radar Sites, for site
locations. There is no mechanism in place, such as
NOTAMs, to provide status update on individual
radar sites since TIS is a nonessential, supplemental
information service.
The FAA also operates en route Mode S radars (not
illustrated) that rotate once every 12 seconds. These
sites will require additional development of TIS
before any possible implementation. There are no
plans to implement TIS in the en route Mode S radars
at the present time.
c. Capabilities
1. TIS provides ground-based surveillance
information over the Mode S data link to properly
equipped client aircraft to aid in visual acquisition of
proximate air traffic. The actual avionics capability of
each installation will vary and the supplemental
handbook material must be consulted prior to using
TIS. A maximum of eight (8) intruder aircraft may be
displayed; if more than eight aircraft match intruder
parameters, the eight “most significant” intruders are
uplinked. These “most significant” intruders are
usually the ones in closest proximity and/or the
greatest threat to the TIS client.
2. TIS, through the Mode S ground sensor,
provides the following data on each intruder aircraft:
(a) Relative bearing information in 6-degree
increments.
(b) Relative range information in 1/8 NM to
1 NM increments (depending on range).
(c) Relative altitude in 100-foot increments
(within 1,000 feet) or 500-foot increments (from
1,000-3,500 feet) if the intruder aircraft has operating
altitude reporting capability.
(d) Estimated intruder ground track in
45-degree increments.
(e) Altitude trend data (level within 500 fpm
or climbing/descending >500 fpm) if the intruder
aircraft has operating altitude reporting capability.
(f) Intruder priority as either an “traffic
advisory” or “proximate” intruder.
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