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overlap, the protected airspace for westbound flight A is
distance “a” (50 miles), and for southbound flight B,
distance “b” (40 miles). The sum of distances “a” and “b”
(90 miles) establishes the lateral separation minimum
applicable in this example for either flight as it approaches
the intersection. For example, Aircraft B should be
vertically separated from Aircraft A by the time it reaches
point “p.”
2/14/08 JO 7110.65S
Lateral Separation 8-4-3
FIG 8-4-7
Separation Methods
NOTE-
(See FIG 8-4-7.) Distance “a” (50 miles) and “b”
(30miles) are determined at the last point of protected
airspace overlap. The sum of the distances “a” and “b”
(80 miles) establishes the lateral separation minima
applicable for either flight after it passes beyond the
intersection. For example, Aircraft B could be cleared to,
or through, Aircraft A's altitude after passing point “r.”
8-4-3. REDUCTION OF ROUTE
PROTECTED AIRSPACE
When routes have been satisfactorily flight checked
and notice has been given to users, reduction in route
protected airspace may be made as follows:
a. Below FL 240, reduce the width of the protected
airspace to 5 miles on each side of the route centerline
to a distance of 57.14 miles from the NAVAID, then
increasing in width on a 5 angle from the route
centerline, measured at the NAVAID, to the
maximum width allowable within the lateral minima;
for example, 50 miles of protected airspace on each
side of centerline; i.e., a lateral minimum of
100miles. (See FIG 8-4-8.)
FIG 8-4-8
Reduction of Route Protected Airspace
b. At and above FL 240, reduce the width of the
protected airspace to 10 miles on each side of the
route centerline to a distance of 114.29 miles from the
NAVAID, then increasing in width on a 5 angle from
the route centerline, as measured at the NAVAID, to
the maximum width allowable within the lateral
minima; for example, 60 miles of protected airspace
on each side of the centerline; i.e., a lateral separation
minimum of 120 miles. (See FIG 8-4-9.)
FIG 8-4-9
Reduction of Route Protected Airspace
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
8-4-4 Lateral Separation
8-4-4. TRACK SEPARATION
Apply track separation between aircraft by requiring
aircraft to fly specified tracks or radials and with
specified spacings as follows:
a. Same NAVAID:
1. VOR/VORTAC/TACAN. Consider separation
to exist between aircraft established on radials of
the same NAVAID that diverge by at least 15 degrees
when either aircraft is clear of the airspace to be
protected for the other aircraft. Use TBL 8-4-1 to
determine the flight distance required for various
divergence angles and altitudes to clear the airspace
to be protected. (See FIG 8-4-10.)
TBL 8-4-1
Divergence‐Distance Minima
VOR/VORTAC/TACAN
Distance (mile)
Divergence (degrees) FL 230 and
below
Fl 240
through
FL 450
15-25 17 18
26-35 11 13
36-90 8 11
Note: This table compensates for DME slant range
error.
FIG 8-4-10
Track Separation VOR
2. NDB:
(a) Consider separation to exist between
aircraft established on tracks of the same NAVAID
that diverge by at least 30 degrees and one aircraft is
at least 15 miles from the NAVAID. This separation
shall not be used when one or both aircraft are
inbound to the aid unless the distance of the aircraft
from the facility can be readily determined by
reference to the NAVAID. Use TBL 8-4-2 to
determine the flight distance required for various
divergence angles to clear the airspace to be
protected. For divergence that falls between
twovalues, use the lesser value to obtain the distance.
(See FIG 8-4-11.)
TBL 8-4-2
Divergence‐Distance Minima (NDB)
Distance (mile)
Divergence (degrees) FL 230 and
below
FL 240
through
FL 450
30 16 17
45 13 14
60 9 10
75 7 8
90 6 7
Note: This table compensates for DME slant range
error.
FIG 8-4-11
Track Separation NDB
2/14/08 JO 7110.65S
Lateral Separation 8-4-5
(b) Clear aircraft navigating on NDB facilities
in accordance with para 2-5-2, NAVAID Terms.
b. Different NAVAIDs: Separate aircraft using
different navigation aids by assigning tracks so that
their protected airspace does not overlap.
(SeeFIG 8-4-12.)
FIG 8-4-12
Track Separation
Different NAVAIDs
c. Dead Reckoning (DR):
1. Consider separation to exist between aircraft
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