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(d) 6 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is
Mach0.05 faster than the following aircraft;
(e) 5 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is
Mach0.06 faster than the following aircraft.
NOTEA
“rule-of-thumb” may be applied to assist in providing
the required estimated spacing over the oceanic exit point
when either conflict probe is not in use or when requested
by another facility. This rule-of-thumb can be stated as
follows: For each 600 NM in distance between the entry
and exit points of the area where the Mach Number
Technique is used, add 1 minute for each 0.01 difference in
Mach number for the two aircraft concerned to compensate
for the fact that the second aircraft is overtaking the first
aircraft. (See TBL 8-3-1.)
TBL 8-3-1
Application of the Mach Number Technique When the Following Aircraft is Faster
Distance to Fly and Separation (in Minutes) Required at Entry Point
Difference in
Mach 001-600 NM 601-1200 NM 1201-1800 NM 1801-2400 NM 2401-3000 NM
0.01 . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 13 14 15
0.02 . . . . . . . . . . 12 14 16 18 20
0.03 . . . . . . . . . . 13 16 19 22 25
0.04 . . . . . . . . . . 14 18 22 26 30
0.05 . . . . . . . . . . 15 20 25 30 35
0.06 . . . . . . . . . . 16 22 28 34 40
0.07 . . . . . . . . . . 17 24 31 38 45
0.08 . . . . . . . . . . 18 26 34 42 50
0.09 . . . . . . . . . . 19 28 37 46 55
0.10 . . . . . . . . . . 20 30 40 50 60
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
8-3-4
2/14/08 JO 7110.65S
Lateral Separation 8-4-1
Section 4. Lateral Separation
8-4-1. APPLICATION
Separate aircraft by assigning different flight paths
whose widths or protected airspace do not overlap.
Within that portion of the Gulf of Mexico Low
Offshore airspace controlled by Houston ARTCC,
use 12 NM between aircraft whose flight paths are
defined by published Grid System waypoints.
NOTE-
1. The Grid System is defined as those waypoints
contained within the Gulf of Mexico Low Offshore airspace
and published on the IFR Vertical Flight Reference Chart.
2. Lateral separation minima is contained in:
Section 7, North Atlantic ICAO Region.
Section 8, Caribbean ICAO Region.
Section 9, Pacific ICAO Region.
Section 10, North American ICAO Region-
ArcticCTA.
8-4-2. SEPARATION METHODS
Lateral separation exists for:
a. Nonintersecting flight paths:
1. When the required distance is maintained
between the flight paths; or (See FIG 8-4-1.)
FIG 8-4-1
Separation Methods
2. When reduced route protected airspace is
applicable, and the protected airspace of the flight
paths do not overlap; or (See FIG 8-4-2.)
FIG 8-4-2
Separation Methods
3. When aircraft are crossing an oceanic
boundary and are entering an airspace with a larger
lateral minimum than the airspace being exited; and
(a) The smaller separation exists at the
boundary; and
(b) Flight paths diverge by 15 or more until
the larger minimum is established. (See FIG 8-4-3.)
FIG 8-4-3
Separation Methods
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
8-4-2 Lateral Separation
b. Intersecting flight paths with constant and same
width protected airspace when either aircraft is at or
beyond a distance equal to the applicable lateral
separation minimum measured perpendicular to the
flight path of the other aircraft. (See FIG 8-4-4.)
FIG 8-4-4
Separation Methods
c. Intersecting flight paths with constant but
different width protected airspace when either
aircraft is at or beyond a distance equal to the sum of
the protected airspace of both flight paths measured
perpendicular to the flight path of the other aircraft.
(See FIG 8-4-5.)
FIG 8-4-5
Separation Methods
d. Intersecting flight paths with variable width
protected airspace when either aircraft is at or beyond
a distance equal to the sum of the protected airspace
of both flight paths measured perpendicular to the
flight path of the other aircraft. Measure protected
airspace for each aircraft perpendicular to its flight
path at the first point or the last point, as applicable,
of protected airspace overlap.
NOTEIn
FIG 8-4-5, the protected airspace for westbound
flightA is distance “a” (50 miles), and for southwestbound
flight B, distance “b” (10 miles). Therefore, the sum of
distances “a” and “b”; i.e., the protected airspace of
Aircrafts A and B, establishes the lateral separation
minimum (60 miles) applicable for either flight relevant to
the other.
FIG 8-4-6
Separation Methods
NOTE-
(See FIG 8-4-6.) At the first point of protected airspace
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