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a. For the purpose of application of longitudinal
separation, the terms same track shall be considered
identical to same course, reciprocal tracks shall be
considered identical to reciprocal courses, and
crossing tracks, shall be considered identical to
crossing courses.
NOTERefer
to para 1-2-2, Course Definitions.
b. Separate aircraft longitudinally in accordance
with the following:
1. Same track. Ensure that the estimated
spacing between aircraft is not less than the
applicable minimum required. (See FIG 8-3-1.)
FIG 8-3-1
Same Courses
2. Crossing tracks. Ensure that the estimated
spacing at the point of intersection is not less than the
applicable minimum required. (See FIG 8-3-2.)
FIG 8-3-2
Crossing Courses
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
8-3-2 Longitudinal Separation
3. Reciprocal tracks:
(a) Ensure that aircraft are vertically separated
for a time interval equal to the applicable
minimum required before and after the aircraft are
estimated to pass. (See FIG 8-3-3.)
FIG 8-3-3
Reciprocal Courses
(b) Vertical separation may be discontinued
after one of the following conditions are met:
(1) Both aircraft have reported passing a
significant point and the aircraft are separated by at
least the applicable minimum required for the same
direction longitudinal spacing; (See FIG 8-3-4.) or
FIG 8-3-4
Vertical Separation
(2) Both aircraft have reported passing
ground‐based NAVAIDs or DME fixes indicating
that they have passed each other.
8-3-3. MACH NUMBER TECHNIQUE
The use of Mach number technique allows for the
application of reduced longitudinal separation
minima. The following conditions shall be met when
the Mach number technique is being applied:
a. Aircraft Types: Turbojet aircraft only.
b. Routes:
1. The aircraft follow the same track or
continuously diverging tracks, and
2. The aircraft concerned have reported over a
common point; or
3. If the aircraft have not reported over a
common point, the appropriate time interval being
applied between aircraft exists and will exist at the
common point; or,
4. If a common point does not exist, the
appropriate time interval being applied between
aircraft exists and will exist at significant points along
each track.
c. Altitudes: The aircraft concerned are in level,
climbing or descending flight.
d. Mach Number Assignment:
1. A Mach number (or, when appropriate, a
range of Mach numbers) shall be issued to each
aircraft unless otherwise prescribed on the basis of
ICAO regional agreement.
NOTE-
1. The application of Mach number technique requires
pilots to strictly adhere to the last assigned Mach number
(or range of Mach numbers), even during climbs and
descents, unless revised by ATC. Turbojet aircraft shall
request ATC approval before making any changes. If it is
essential to make an immediate temporary change in the
Mach number (e.g., due to turbulence), ATC shall be
notified as soon as possible that such a change has been
made.
2. When it is necessary to issue crossing restrictions to
ensure the appropriate time interval, it may be impossible
for an aircraft to comply with both the clearance to meet the
crossing restrictions and the clearance to maintain a
single, specific Mach number.
REFERENCEICAO
DOC 9426-AN/924, Part II, Section 2, Para 2.3.4, Para 2.4.7,
and Para 2.5.3.
EXAMPLE-
“Maintain Mach point eight four or greater.”
“Maintain Mach point eight three or less.”
“Maintain Mach point eight two or greater; do not exceed
Mach point eight four.”
e. Longitudinal Minima:
When the Mach number technique is applied,
minimum longitudinal separation shall be:
1. 10 minutes, provided that:
(a) The preceding aircraft maintains a Mach
number equal to, or greater than that maintained by
the following aircraft; or
2/14/08 JO 7110.65S
Longitudinal Separation 8-3-3
(b) When the following aircraft is faster than
the preceding aircraft, at least 10 minutes exists until
another form of separation is achieved; or
2. Between 9 and 5 minutes inclusive, provided
that the preceding aircraft is maintaining a Mach
number greater than the following aircraft in
accordance with the following:
(a) 9 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is
Mach0.02 faster than the following aircraft;
(b) 8 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is
Mach0.03 faster than the following aircraft;
(c) 7 minutes, if the preceding aircraft is
Mach0.04 faster than the following aircraft;
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