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the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. EXAMPLE:
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
or
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings"(263).
or
Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).
B. Anonymous
If the work you are making reference to has no author, use an abbreviated version of the work's title. For non-print sources, such as films,
TV series, pictures, or other media, or electronic sources, include the name that begins the entry in the Works Cited page. EXAMPLE:
An anonymous Wordsworth critic once argued that his poems were too emotional ("Wordsworth Is A Loser" 100).
C. Indirect Quotes
Sometimes you may have to use an indirect quotation. An indirect quotation is a quotation that you found in another source that was
quoting from the original. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source. EXAMPLE:
Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259).
D. Authors with Same Last Name
Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have
the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even her or his full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. If
you cite more than one work by a particular author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to
distinguish it from the other works by that same person. EXAMPLE:
Two authors with the same last name:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for
medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
Two works by the same author:
Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children ("Too Soon" 38), though he has acknowledged that early
exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development in a child's second and third year ("Hand-Eye
Development" 17).
II) Quotations
When you directly quote the works of others in your paper, you will format quotations differently depending on whether they are long or
short quotations. Here are some basic guidelines for incorporating quotations into your paper.
A. Short Quotations
To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within double
quotation marks and incorporate it into your text. Provide the author and specific page citation (in the case of verse, provide line numbers)
in the text, and include a complete reference in the works-cited list. Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons should
appear after the parenthetical citation. Question marks and exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part
of the quoted passage but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text. EXAMPLE:
According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
or
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
or
Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?
B. Long Quotations
Place quotations longer than four typed lines in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation
on a new line, indented one inch from the left margin, and maintain double-spacing. Your parenthetical citation should come after the
closing punctuation mark. When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks. (You should maintain double-spacing throughout your
essay.) EXAMPLE:
…Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration:
They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the
stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and
there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for
my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Brontë 78)
As seen in this passage, Brontë degrades Heathcliff by referring to his lack of courage. …
C. Adding or Omitting Words In Quotations
If you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text.
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