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can over time be a contributing factor to wire degradation. Zones that are subject to a
high level of maintenance activity display more deterioration of the wiring insulation than
those areas not subject to frequent maintenance. Degradation of wiring is further
accelerated when inappropriate maintenance practices are used. Examples include the
practice of needling wires to test the continuity or voltage, and using a metal wire or rod
as a guide to feed new wires into an existing bundle. These practices could cause a
breach in the wiring insulation that can contribute to arcing.
Over time, insulation can crack or breach, thereby exposing the conductor. This
breakdown, coupled with maintenance actions, can exacerbate EWIS malfunction.
Wiring that is undisturbed will have less degradation than wiring that is disturbed
during maintenance.
PROGRAM TO ENHANCE AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
TP 14331 Enhanced Zonal Analysis Procedures 9
For additional information on the principle causes of wire degradation see Appendix E.
9. INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEMS
Typical analytical methods used for the development of maintenance programs have not
provided a focus on wiring. As a result most operators have not adequately addressed
deterioration of EWIS in their programs. The regulatory authorities reviewed the
current inspection philosophies with the objectives of identifying improvements that
could lead to a more consistent application of the inspection requirements, whether they
are Zonal, Stand-alone GVI, or DET inspections.
TCCA believes that it would be beneficial to provide guidance on the type of
deterioration that a person performing a GVI, DET, or Zonal Inspection would be
expected to discover. Though it may be realistically assumed that all operators provide
such guidance to their inspectors, it is evident that significant variations exist and, in
certain areas of the world, a significant enhancement of the inspection could be
obtained if internationally agreed guidance material could be produced. The guidance
provided by this TP assumes each operator will adopt recent improvements made to the
definitions of GVI and DET Inspections. This information should be incorporated in
operators’ training material and in the introductory section of maintenance planning
documentation.
This section is divided into three parts. The first part addresses the levels of inspection
applicable to EWIS, the second part provides guidance for performing zonal
inspections, and the third part provides lists of installations and areas of concern.
a. Levels of inspection applicable to EWIS.
(1) Detailed Inspection (DET).
An intensive examination of a specific item, installation or
assembly to detect damage, failure or irregularity. Available
lighting is normally supplemented with a direct source of good
lighting at an intensity deemed appropriate. Inspection aids
such as mirrors, magnifying lenses or other means may be
necessary. Surface cleaning and elaborate access procedures
may be required.
A DET can be more than just a visual inspection since it may include tactile
assessment in which a component or assembly is checked for tightness/security.
This is of particular significance when identifying applicable and effective tasks to
PROGRAM TO ENHANCE AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL WIRING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
TP 14331 Enhanced Zonal Analysis Procedures 10
ensure the continued integrity of installations such as bonding jumpers, terminal
connectors, etc.
Note: Though the term Detailed Visual Inspection remains valid for
DETs using only eyesight, it should be recognized that this may
represent only part of the inspection called for in the source
documents used to establish an operator’s Maintenance
Program. For this reason it is recommend that the acronym
“DVI” not be used since it excludes tactile examination from
this level of inspection.
(2) General Visual Inspection (GVI).
A visual examination of an interior or exterior area, installation
or assembly to detect obvious damage, failure or irregularity.
This level of inspection is made from within touching distance
unless otherwise specified. A mirror may be necessary to
enhance visual access to all exposed surfaces in the inspection
area. This level of inspection is made under normally available
lighting conditions such as daylight, hangar lighting, flashlight
or droplight and may require removal or opening of access
panels or doors. Stands, ladders or platforms may be required
to gain proximity to the area being checked.
Recent changes to this definition have added proximity guidance (within touching
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