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signals. Guidance material on the use of these techniques is contained in Attachment G, 8.
Note 3.— Where the proportional guidance sector provided is less than the minimum lateral coverage specified in
3.11.5.2.2.1.1 a), clearance guidance signals specified in 3.11.4.6.2.5 are required.
3.11.5.2.2.1.2 Runway region.
a) Horizontally within a sector 45 m (150 ft) each side of the runway centre line beginning at the stop end and
extending parallel with the runway centre line in the direction of the approach to join the minimum operational
coverage region as described in 3.11.5.2.2.1.3.
b) Vertically between:
1) a horizontal surface which is 2.5 m (8 ft) above the farthest point of the runway centre line which is in line of
sight of the azimuth antenna; and
2) a conical surface originating at the azimuth ground equipment antenna inclined at 20 degrees above the
horizontal up to a height of 600 m (2 000 ft).
Note 1.— Information on the determination of the point referred to in b) 1) is given in Attachment G, 2.3.6.
Note 2.— It is intended that guidance below the line of sight may be allowed as long as the signal quality can satisfy the
accuracy requirements in 3.11.4.9.4.
3.11.5.2.2.1.2.1 Recommendation.— The lower level of the coverage in the runway region should be 2.5 m (8 ft)
above the runway centre line.
3.11.5.2.2.1.2.2 Where required to support automatic landing, roll-out or take-off, the lower level of coverage in the
runway region shall not exceed 2.5 m (8 ft) above the runway centre line.
Chapter 3 Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3-91 23/11/06
Note.— The lower coverage limit of 2.5 m (8 ft) is intended to serve all runways. Information on the possibility of
relaxing the power density requirements in 3.11.4.10.2 at 2.5 m (8 ft) is provided at Attachment G, 2.3.6.
3.11.5.2.2.1.3 Minimum operational coverage region.
a) Laterally, within a sector of plus and minus 10 degrees about the runway centre line which originates at the MLS
datum point.
b) Longitudinally, from the runway threshold in the direction of the approach to the longitudinal coverage limit
specified in 3.11.5.2.2.1.1 b).
c) Vertically, between:
1) a lower plane which contains the line 2.5 m (8 ft) above the runway threshold and is inclined upward to reach
the height of the surface specified in 3.11.5.2.2.1.1 c) 1) at the longitudinal coverage limit; and
2) the upper surface specified in 3.11.5.2.2.1.1 c) 2).
3.11.5.2.2.1.4 Recommendation.— The approach azimuth ground equipment should provide guidance vertically to
30 degrees above the horizontal.
3.11.5.2.2.1.5 The minimum proportional guidance sector shall be as follows:
Approach azimuth antenna to
threshold distance (AAT)
Minimum proportional
coverage
AAT < 500 m ±8°
500 m < AAT < 3 100 m ±6°
3 100 m < AAT ±4°
3.11.5.2.2.2 Back azimuth. The back azimuth ground equipment shall provide information in at least the following
volume of space:
a) Horizontally, within a sector plus or minus 20 degrees about the runway centre line originating at the back azimuth
ground equipment antenna and extending in the direction of the missed approach at least 18.5 km (10 NM) from the
runway stop end.
b) Vertically, in the runway region between:
1) a horizontal surface 2.5 m (8 ft) above the farthest point of runway centre line that is in line-of-sight of the back
azimuth antenna; and
2) a conical surface originating at the back azimuth ground equipment antenna inclined at 20 degrees above the
horizontal up to a height of 600 m (2 000 ft).
c) Vertically, in the back azimuth region between:
1) a conical surface originating 2.5 m (8 ft) above the runway stop end, inclined at 0.9 degree above the horizontal;
and
2) a conical surface originating at the back azimuth ground equipment antenna, inclined at 15 degrees above the
horizontal up to a height of 3 000 m (10 000 ft).
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
23/11/06 3-92
Note 1.— Information on the determination of the point referred to in b) 1) is given in Attachment G, 2.3.6.
Note 2.— When physical characteristics of the runway or obstacles prevent the achievement of the Standards in b)
and c), it is intended that guidance need not be provided at less than line-of-sight heights.
3.11.5.2.2.2.1 Recommendation.— The back azimuth facility should provide guidance information to 30 degrees
above the horizontal.
3.11.5.2.2.2.2 The minimum proportional guidance sector shall be plus or minus 10 degrees about the runway centre
line.
Note.— Application information is provided in Attachment G, 7.5.
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