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a) air traffic control will be materially assisted by such installation in the landing of aircraft intending to use a nonvisual
aid; and
b) the accuracy or expedition of final approaches or the facilitation of approaches by aircraft not equipped to use a
non-visual aid will be materially aided by such installation.
2.1.4.1 Recommendation.— Only the precision approach radar (PAR) element of the precision approach radar
system conforming to the Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.2.3, together with the equipment and facilities prescribed in
2.1.4 should be installed when it is determined that the surveillance radar element (SRE), associated with the precision
approach radar system, is not necessary to meet the requirements of air traffic control for the handling of aircraft intending
to use a non-visual aid.
Note.— The SRE is not considered, in any circumstances, a satisfactory alternative to the precision approach radar
system.
2.1.4.2 Recommendation.— Although SRE is not considered a satisfactory alternative to the precision approach
radar system, an SRE conforming to the Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.2.4 and equipment for two-way communication
with aircraft should be installed and operated for:
a) the assistance of air traffic control in handling aircraft intending to use a non-visual aid;
b) surveillance radar approaches and departures.
2.1.5 Recommendation.— A non-visual aid should be supplemented, as necessary, by a source or sources of guidance
information which, when used in conjunction with appropriate procedures, will provide effective guidance to, and efficient
coupling (manual or automatic) with, the desired reference path.
23/11/06 2-2
Chapter 2 Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
2-3 23/11/06
Note.— The following sources of guidance have been used for such purposes:
a) a suitably located VHF omnidirectional radio range (VOR) conforming to the specifications in Chapter 3, 3.3 or
equivalent;
b) a locator or locators conforming with the specifications in Chapter 3, 3.4 or a suitably located non-directional
radio beacon (NDB);
c) a suitably located UHF distance measuring equipment (DME) conforming to the specifications in Chapter 3, 3.5
and providing continuous distance information during the approach and missed approach phase of flight.
2.1.6 Required navigation performance (RNP)
for approach, landing and departure operations
2.1.6.1 Where used, RNP for approach, landing and departure operations shall be prescribed by States.
2.1.6.2 Where RNP is prescribed for precision approach and landing operations, the RNP shall only be supported by a
standard non-visual aid in accordance with 2.1.1.
2.2 Short-distance aids
2.2.1 In localities and along routes where conditions of traffic density and low visibility necessitate a ground-based
short-distance radio aid to navigation for the efficient exercise of air traffic control, or where such short-distance aid is
required for the safe and efficient conduct of aircraft operations, the standard aid shall be the VHF omnidirectional radio
range (VOR) of the continuous wave phase comparison type conforming to the Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.3.
Note 1.— It is not intended that short-distance radio aids to navigation provided in accordance with 2.2.1 should be
required primarily to perform the function of a long-distance navigation aid.
Note 2.— It is intended that, wherever a VOR conforming to the Standard in 2.2.1 has been installed, no change in, or
addition to, that Standard will require the replacement of such equipment before 1 January 1995.
2.2.1.1 Recommendation.— Means should be provided for the pre-flight checking of VOR airborne equipment at
aerodromes regularly used by international air traffic.
Note.— Guidance material on the pre-flight checking of VOR airborne equipment is contained in Attachment E.
2.2.2 At localities where for operational reasons, or because of air traffic control reasons such as air traffic density or
proximity of routes, there is a need for a more precise navigation service than that provided by VOR, distance measuring
equipment (DME) (conforming to the Standards in Chapter 3, 3.5) shall be installed and maintained in operation as a
complement to VOR.
2.2.2.1 DME/N equipment first installed after 1 January 1989 shall also conform to the Standards in Chapter 3, 3.5
denoted by ‡.
Note.— It is intended that, wherever a DME conforming to the Standard in 2.2.2 has been installed, no change in, or
addition to, that Standard will require the replacement of such equipment before 1 January 2010.
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
2.3 Radio beacons
2.3.1 Non-directional radio beacons (NDB)
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