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and 3.3.6.7.
3.3.7 Monitoring
3.3.7.1 Suitable equipment located in the radiation field shall provide signals for the operation of an automatic monitor.
The monitor shall transmit a warning to a control point, and either remove the identification and navigation components from
the carrier or cause radiation to cease if any one or a combination of the following deviations from established conditions
arises:
Chapter 3 Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3-31 23/11/06
a) a change in excess of 1 degree at the monitor site of the bearing information transmitted by the VOR;
b) a reduction of 15 per cent in the modulation components of the radio frequency signals voltage level at the monitor
of either the subcarrier, or 30 Hz amplitude modulation signals, or both.
3.3.7.2 Failure of the monitor itself shall transmit a warning to a control point and either:
a) remove the identification and navigation components from the carrier; or
b) cause radiation to cease.
Note.— Guidance material on VOR appears in Section 3 of Attachment C.
3.3.8 Interference immunity performance for VOR receiving systems
3.3.8.1 After 1 January 1998, the VOR receiving system shall provide adequate immunity to interference from two
signal, third-order intermodulation products caused by VHF FM broadcast signals having levels in accordance with the
following:
2N1 + N2 + 72 ≤ 0
for VHF FM sound broadcasting signals in the range 107.7 – 108.0 MHz
and
2 1 2 324 20 log 0
0.4
N N f
+ + ⎛⎜ − Δ ⎞⎟≤
⎝ ⎠
for VHF FM sound broadcasting signals below 107.7 MHz,
where the frequencies of the two VHF FM sound broadcasting signals produce, within the receiver, a two-signal, third-order
intermodulation product on the desired VOR frequency.
N1 and N2 are the levels (dBm) of the two VHF FM sound broadcasting signals at the VOR receiver input. Neither level
shall exceed the desensitization criteria set forth in 3.3.8.2.
Δf = 108.1 – f1, where f1 is the frequency of N1, the VHF FM sound broadcasting signal closer to 108.1 MHz.
3.3.8.2 After 1 January 1998, the VOR receiving system shall not be desensitized in the presence of VHF FM
broadcast signals having levels in accordance with the following table:
Maximum level of
Frequency unwanted signal at
(MHz) receiver input
(dBm)
88-102 +15
104 +10
106 + 5
107.9 –10
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
23/11/06 3-32
Note 1.— The relationship is linear between adjacent points designated by the above frequencies.
Note 2.— Guidance material on immunity criteria to be used for the performance quoted in 3.3.8.1 and 3.3.8.2 is
contained in Attachment C, 3.6.5.
3.3.8.3 After 1 January 1995, all new installations of airborne VOR receiving systems shall meet the provisions of
3.3.8.1 and 3.3.8.2.
3.3.8.4 Recommendation.— Airborne VOR receiving systems meeting the immunity performance standards of 3.3.8.1
and 3.3.8.2 should be placed into operation at the earliest possible date.
3.4 Specification for non-directional radio beacon (NDB)
3.4.1 Definitions
Note.— In Attachment C, guidance is given on the meaning and application of rated coverage and effective coverage and
on coverage of NDBs.
Average radius of rated coverage. The radius of a circle having the same area as the rated coverage.
Effective coverage. The area surrounding an NDB within which bearings can be obtained with an accuracy sufficient for the
nature of the operation concerned.
Locator. An LF/MF NDB used as an aid to final approach.
Note.— A locator usually has an average radius of rated coverage of between 18.5 and 46.3 km (10 and 25 NM).
Rated coverage. The area surrounding an NDB within which the strength of the vertical field of the ground wave exceeds
the minimum value specified for the geographical area in which the radio beacon is situated.
Note.— The above definition is intended to establish a method of rating radio beacons on the normal coverage to be
expected in the absence of sky wave transmission and/or anomalous propagation from the radio beacon concerned or
interference from other LF/MF facilities, but taking into account the atmospheric noise in the geographical area
concerned.
3.4.2 Coverage
3.4.2.1 Recommendation.— The minimum value of field strength in the rated coverage of an NDB should be
70°microvolts per metre.
Note 1.— Guidance on the field strengths required particularly in the latitudes between 30°N and 30°S is given in 6.1 of
Attachment C, and the relevant ITU provisions are given in Chapter VIII, Article 35, Section IV, Part B of the Radio
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