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1 587.42 MHz) centred on the L1 frequency.
3.7.3.1.5.3 Polarization. The transmitted RF signal shall be right-hand (clockwise) circularly polarized.
3.7.3.1.5.4 Signal power level. Each GPS satellite shall broadcast SPS navigation signals with sufficient power
such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite is observed at an elevation angle of
5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the output of a 3 dBi linearly-polarized antenna is within the
range of –160 dBW to –153 dBW for all antenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation.
3.7.3.1.5.5 Modulation. The SPS L1 signal shall be bipolar phase shift key (BPSK) modulated with a pseudo random
noise (PRN) 1.023 MHz coarse/acquisition (C/A) code. The C/A code sequence shall be repeated each millisecond. The
transmitted PRN code sequence shall be the Modulo-2 addition of a 50 bits per second navigation message and the C/A code.
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
23/11/06 3-62
3.7.3.1.6 GPS time. GPS time shall be referenced to UTC (as maintained by the U.S. Naval Observatory).
3.7.3.1.7 Coordinate system. The GPS coordinate system shall be WGS-84.
3.7.3.1.8 Navigation information. The navigation data transmitted by the satellites shall include the necessary
information to determine:
a) satellite time of transmission;
b) satellite position;
c) satellite health;
d) satellite clock correction;
e) propagation delay effects;
f) time transfer to UTC; and
g) constellation status.
Note.— Structure and contents of data are specified in Appendix B, 3.1.1.2 and 3.1.1.3, respectively.
3.7.3.2 GLONASS Channel of Standard Accuracy (CSA) (L1)
Note.— In this section, the term GLONASS refers to all satellites in the constellation. Standards relating only to
GLONASS-M satellites are qualified accordingly.
3.7.3.2.1 Accuracy
3.7.3.2.1.1 Positioning accuracy. The GLONASS CSA position errors shall not exceed the following limits:
95% of
the time
99.99% of
the time
Horizontal position error
Vertical position error
28 m (92 ft)
60 m (196 ft)
140 m (460 ft)
585 m (1 920 ft)
3.7.3.2.1.2 Time transfer accuracy. The GLONASS CSA time transfer errors shall not exceed 700 nanoseconds
95 per cent of the time.
3.7.3.2.2 Availability. The GLONASS CSA availability shall be at least 99.64 per cent (global average).
3.7.3.2.3 Reliability. The GLONASS CSA reliability shall be at least 99.98 per cent (global average).
3.7.3.2.4 Coverage. The GLONASS CSA coverage shall be at least 99.9 per cent (global average).
Note.— Guidance material on GLONASS accuracy, availability, reliability and coverage is given in Attachment D, 4.2.
Chapter 3 Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3-63 23/11/06
3.7.3.2.5 RF characteristics
Note.— Detailed RF characteristics are specified in Appendix B, 3.2.1.1.
3.7.3.2.5.1 Carrier frequency. Each GLONASS satellite shall broadcast CSA navigation signal at its own carrier
frequency in the L1 (1.6 GHz) frequency band using frequency division multiple access (FDMA).
Note 1.— GLONASS satellites may have the same carrier frequency but in this case they are located in antipodal slots of
the same orbital plane.
Note 2.— GLONASS-M satellites will broadcast an additional ranging code at carrier frequencies in the L2 (1.2 GHz)
frequency band using FDMA.
3.7.3.2.5.2 Signal spectrum. GLONASS CSA signal power shall be contained within a ±5.75 MHz band centred on
each GLONASS carrier frequency.
3.7.3.2.5.3 Polarization. The transmitted RF signal shall be right-hand circularly polarized.
3.7.3.2.5.4 Signal power level. Each GLONASS satellite shall broadcast CSA navigation signals with sufficient
power such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite is observed at an elevation angle of
5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the output of a 3 dBi linearly polarized antenna is within the
range of –161 dBW to –155.2 dBW for all antenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation.
Note 1.— The power limit of 155.2 dBW is based on the predetermined characteristics of a user antenna, atmospheric
losses of 0.5 dB and an error of an angular position of a satellite that does not exceed one degree (in the direction causing
the signal level to increase).
Note 2.— GLONASS-M satellites will also broadcast a ranging code on L2 with sufficient power such that, at all
unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite is observed at an elevation angle of 5 degrees or higher, the
level of the received RF signal at the output of a 3 dBi linearly polarized antenna is not less then –167 dBW for all antenna
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