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not be more than –40 dB relative to the power of the unmodulated carrier.
Note 1.— GLONASS satellites that are launched during 1998 to 2005 and beyond will use filters limiting out-of-band
emissions to the harmful interference limit contained in CCIR Recommendation 769 for the 1 660 – 1 670 MHz band.
Note 2.— GLONASS satellites that are launched beyond 2005 will use filters limiting out-of-band emissions to the
harmful interference limit contained in CCIR Recommendation 769 for the 1 610.6 – 1 613.8 MHz and 1 660 – 1 670 MHz
bands.
3.2.1.1.5 Correlation loss. The loss in the recovered signal power due to imperfections in the signal modulation and
waveform distortion shall not exceed 0.8 dB.
Note.— The loss in signal power is the difference between the broadcast power in a 1.022 MHz bandwidth and the signal
power recovered by a noise-free, loss-free receiver with 1-chip correlator spacing and a 1.022 MHz bandwidth.
3.2.1.2 DATA STRUCTURE
3.2.1.2.1 General. The navigation message shall be transmitted as a pattern of digital data which are coded by Hamming
code and transformed into relative code. Structurally, the data pattern shall be generated as continuously repeating superframes.
The superframe shall consist of the frames and the frames shall consist of the strings. The boundaries of strings, frames and
superframes of navigation messages from different GLONASS satellites shall be synchronized within 2 milliseconds.
3.2.1.2.2 Superframe structure. The superframe shall have a 2.5-minute duration and shall consist of 5 frames. Within
each superframe a total content of non-immediate information (almanac for 24 GLONASS satellites) shall be transmitted.
Note.— Superframe structure with indication of frame numbers in the superframe and string numbers in the frames is
shown in Figure B-7.
3.2.1.2.3 Frame structure. Each frame shall have a 30-second duration and shall consist of 15 strings. Within each
frame the total content of immediate information (ephemeris and time parameters) for given satellite and a part of nonimmediate
information (almanac) shall be transmitted. The frames 1 through 4 shall contain the part of almanac for
20 satellites (5 satellites per frame) and frame 5 shall contain the remainder of almanac for 4 satellites. The almanac for one
satellite shall occupy two strings.
Note.— Frame structures are shown in Figures B-8 and B-9.
3.2.1.2.4 String structure. Each string shall have a 2-second duration and shall contain binary chips of data and time mark.
During the last 0.3 second within this 2-second interval (at the end of each string) the time mark shall be transmitted. The time
mark (shortened pseudo-random sequence) shall consist of 30 chips with a time duration for each chip of 10 milliseconds and
having the following sequence:
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0.
23/11/06 APP B-20
Appendix B Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
During the first 1.7 seconds within this 2-second interval (in the beginning of each string) 85 bits of data (each data bit of a
20 milliseconds duration) shall be transmitted in bi-binary format. The numbers of bits in the string shall be increased from
right to left. Along with information bits (bit positions 9 through 84) the check bits of Hamming code (KX) (bit positions 1
through 8) shall be transmitted. The Hamming code shall have a code length of 4. The data of one string shall be separated
from the data of adjacent strings by time mark (MB). The words of the data shall be registered by MSB ahead. In each string
bit position, 85 shall be an idle chip (“0”) and be transmitted first.
3.2.1.2.4.1 Strings 1 through 4. The information contained in strings 1 through 4 of each frame shall correspond to the
satellite from which it is transmitted. This information shall not be changed within the superframe.
3.2.1.2.4.2 Strings 5 through 15. Strings 5 through 15 of each frame shall contain GLONASS almanac for 4 or
5 satellites. The information contained in the fifth string shall be repeated in each frame of the superframe.
Note.— String structure is given in Figure B-10.
3.2.1.3 DATA CONTENT
3.2.1.3.1 Ephemeris and time parameters. The ephemeris and time parameters shall be as follows:
m = the string number within the frame;
tk = the time referenced to the beginning of the frame within the current day. It is calculated according to the
satellite time scale. The integer number of hours elapsed since the beginning of the current day is registered
in the 5 MSBs. The integer number of minutes elapsed since the beginning of the current hour is registered in
the next 6 bits. The number of 30-second intervals elapsed since the beginning of the current minute is
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