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(3 500 ft) plus or minus 150 m (500 ft), from the landing threshold at the approach end of the runway and at not more than
75 m (250 ft) from the extended centre line of the runway.
Note.— See Attachment C, 2.10, regarding the siting of inner and middle marker beacons.
3.1.7.6.2.2 Recommendation.— If the radiation pattern is other than vertical, the equipment should be located so as
to produce a field within the course sector and ILS glide path sector that is substantially similar to that produced by an
antenna radiating a vertical pattern and located as prescribed in 3.1.7.6.2.1.
3.1.7.6.3 The outer marker shall be located so as to provide height, distance and equipment functioning checks to
aircraft on intermediate and final approach.
3.1.7.6.3.1 Recommendation.— The outer marker should be located 7.2 km (3.9 NM) from the threshold except that,
where for topographical or operational reasons this distance is not practicable, the outer marker may be located between 6.5
and 11.1 km (3.5 and 6 NM) from the threshold.
3.1.7.6.4 Recommendation.— If the radiation pattern is vertical, the outer marker should be not more than 75 m
(250 ft) from the extended centre line of the runway. If the radiation pattern is other than vertical, the equipment should be
located so as to produce a field within the course sector and ILS glide path sector that is substantially similar to that
produced by an antenna radiating a vertical pattern.
Chapter 3 Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3-25 23/11/06
3.1.7.6.5 The positions of marker beacons, or where applicable, the equivalent distance(s) indicated by the DME when
used as an alternative to part or all of the marker beacon component of the ILS, shall be published in accordance with the
provisions of Annex 15.
3.1.7.6.5.1 When so used, the DME shall provide distance information operationally equivalent to that furnished by
marker beacon(s).
3.1.7.6.5.2 When used as an alternative for the middle marker, the DME shall be frequency paired with the ILS
localizer and sited so as to minimize the error in distance information.
3.1.7.6.5.3 The DME in 3.1.7.6.5 shall conform to the specification in 3.5.
3.1.7.7 Monitoring
3.1.7.7.1 Suitable equipment shall provide signals for the operation of an automatic monitor. The monitor shall
transmit a warning to a control point if either of the following conditions arise:
a) failure of the modulation or keying;
b) reduction of power output to less than 50 per cent of normal.
3.1.7.7.2 Recommendation.— For each marker beacon, suitable monitoring equipment should be provided which will
indicate at the appropriate location a decrease of the modulation depth below 50 per cent.
3.2 Specification for precision approach radar system
Note.— Slant distances are used throughout this specification.
3.2.1 The precision approach radar system shall comprise the following elements:
3.2.1.1 The precision approach radar element (PAR).
3.2.1.2 The surveillance radar element (SRE).
3.2.2 When the PAR only is used, the installation shall be identified by the term PAR or precision approach radar and
not by the term “precision approach radar system”.
Note.— Provisions for the recording and retention of radar data are contained in Annex 11, Chapter 6.
3.2.3 The precision approach radar element (PAR)
3.2.3.1 Coverage
3.2.3.1.1 The PAR shall be capable of detecting and indicating the position of an aircraft of 15 m2 echoing area or
larger, which is within a space bounded by a 20-degree azimuth sector and a 7-degree elevation sector, to a distance of at
least 16.7 km (9 NM) from its respective antenna.
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
23/11/06 3-26
Note.— For guidance in determining the significance of the echoing areas of aircraft, the following table is included:
private flyer (single-engined): 5 to 10 m2;
small twin-engined aircraft: from 15 m2;
medium twin-engined aircraft: from 25 m2;
four-engined aircraft: from 50 to 100 m2.
3.2.3.2 Siting
3.2.3.2.1 The PAR shall be sited and adjusted so that it gives complete coverage of a sector with its apex at a point
150 m (500 ft) from the touchdown in the direction of the stop end of the runway and extending plus or minus 5 degrees
about the runway centre line in azimuth and from minus 1 degree to plus 6 degrees in elevation.
Note 1.— Paragraph 3.2.3.2.1 can be met by siting the equipment with a set-back from the touchdown, in the direction of
the stop end of the runway, of 915 m (3 000 ft) or more, for an offset of 120 m (400 ft) from the runway centre line, or of
1 200 m (4 000 ft) or more, for an offset of 185 m (600 ft) when the equipment is aligned to scan plus or minus 10 degrees
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