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Note 1.— The timescales of GLONASS satellites are periodically compared with central synchronizer time. Corrections
to the timescales of GLONASS satellites relative to GLONASS time and UTC(SU) time are computed at the GLONASS
ground-based control complex and uploaded to the satellites twice per day.
Note 2.— There is no integer-second difference between GLONASS time and UTC time. The GLONASS timescale is
periodically corrected to integer number of seconds simultaneously with UTC corrections which are performed according to
the Bureau International de l’Heure notification (leap second correction). These corrections are performed at 00
00 inutes 00 seconds UTC time at midnight at the end of a quarter of the year. Upon the GLONASS leap second correction
the time mark within navigation message changes its position (in
2
GLONASS-M satellites, notification of these corrections is provided to users via the navigation message parameter KP.
satellites and 8 nanoseconds (1 sigma) for GLONASS-M satellites.
th
ermined with reference to the GPS
re system using GLONASS-M sa
3.2.5 COORDINATE SYSTEM
3.2.5.1 PZ-90 (Parameters of common terrestrial ellip
b
23/11/06 APP B-32
Appendix B Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3.2.5.2 Conversion between PZ-90 and WGS-84. The following conversion parameters shall be used to obtain position
coordinates in WGS-84 from position coordinates in PZ-90:
0 0 1 Z
−
− −
− −
⎡⎢ ⎤⎥ = ⎡⎢−− ⎤⎥ + − × ⎡⎢⎢⎢⎣⎢+ × − × ⎤⎥⎥⎥⎦⎥⎢⎢⎣⎡⎢ ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎥
Note.— X, Y and Z are expressed in metres.
3.2.5.2.1 The conversion error shall not exceed 1.5 metres (1 sigma) along each coordinate axis.
3.3 Co NASS
ts specified in 3.1.3.1, GPS (GNSS) receiver, and 3.2.3.1, GLONASS (GNSS) receiver.
rements for GPS and
LONASS as specified in 3.7.
3.3.1.2 Antenna(e). GPS and GLONASS signals shall be received through one or more antennae.
3.3.1.3 Conversion between coordinate systems. Position information provided by a combined GPS and GLONASS
een WGS-84 and PZ-90, as defined in 3.2.5.2.
3.3.1.4 GPS/GLONASS time. When combining measurements from GLONASS and GPS, the difference between
LONASS time and GPS time shall be taken into account.
3.4 Aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS)
Note.— Guidance on ABAS is given in Attachment D, section 5.
3.5 Satellite-ba system (SBAS)
6
6 6
WGS 84 PZ 90
X 1.1 1 0.8210 0X
Y 0.3 (1 0.12 10 ) 0.82 10 1 0 Y
Z 0.9
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− ⎥⎦
mbined use of GPS and GLO
3.3.1 AIRCRAFT ELEMENTS
3.3.1.1 Combined GNSS receiver. The combined GNSS receiver shall process signals from GPS and GLONASS in
accordance with the requiremen
3.3.1.1.1 Resistance to interference. The combined GNSS receiver shall meet the individual requi
G
Note.— Performance characteristics of GNSS receiver antennae are defined in 3.8.
receiver shall be expressed in WGS-84 earth coordinates. The GLONASS satellite position, obtained in PZ-90 coordinate
frame, shall be converted to account for the differences betw
G
sed augmentation
3.5.1 GENERAL
Note.— Parameters in this section are defined in WGS-84.
APP B-33 23/11/06
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
3.5.2 RF CHARACTERISTICS
3.5.2.1 Carrier frequency stability. The short-term stability of the carrier frequency (square root of the Allan Variance)
at the output of the satellite transmit antenna shall be better than 5 × 10–11 over 1 to 10 seconds.
3.5.2.2 Carrier phase noise. The phase noise spectral density of the unmodulated carrier shall be such that a phase
locked loop of 10 Hz one-sided noise bandwidth is able to track the carrier to an accuracy of 0.1 radian (1 sigma).
he carrier frequency shall be less than 5 × 10 (standard deviation). Over the long term
ess than 100 seconds), the difference between the change in the broadcast code phase, converted to carrier cycles by
ul
ation path.
cing and a 2.046 MHz bandwidth.
ot deviate
om the equivalent SBAS network time (SNT) by more than ±2 seconds.
ther code epoch.
2.9 Convolutional encoding. A 250-bit-per-second data stream shall be encoded at a rate of 2 symbols per bit using
convolutional code with a constraint length of 7 to yield 500 symbols per second. The convolutional encoder logic
023-bit linear patterns, G1 and G2i. The G2i sequence shall be formed by delaying the G2 sequence by the
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