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adjustable to the limits given by the transponder circuit delay and recovery time.
‡3.5.4.4.3.1 DME/N. The time delay shall be the interval from the half voltage point on the leading edge of the first
constituent pulse of the interrogation pair and the half voltage point on the leading edge of the first constituent pulse of the
reply transmission.
3.5.4.4.3.2 DME/P — IA mode. The time delay shall be the interval from the half voltage point on the leading edge of
the first constituent pulse of the interrogation pulse pair to the half voltage point on the leading edge of the first constituent
pulse of the reply pulse pair.
3.5.4.4.3.3 DME/P — FA mode. The time delay shall be the interval from the virtual origin of the first constituent pulse
of the interrogation pulse pair to the virtual origin of the first constituent pulse of the reply pulse pair. The time of arrival
measurement points shall be within the partial rise time of the first constituent pulse of the pulse pair in each case.
3.5.4.4.4 DME/N. Recommendation.— Transponders should be sited as near to the point at which zero indication is
required as is practicable.
Note 1.— It is desirable that the radius of the sphere at the surface of which zero indication is given be kept as small as
possible in order to keep the zone of ambiguity to a minimum.
Note 2.— Guidance material on siting DME with MLS is provided in 7.1.6 of Attachment C and 5 of Attachment G. This
guidance material sets forth, in particular, appropriate steps to be taken to prevent different zero range indication if DME/P
associated with MLS and DME/N associated with ILS serve the same runway.
3.5.4.5 Accuracy
3.5.4.5.1 DME/N. The transponder shall not contribute more than plus or minus 1 microsecond (150 m (500 ft)) to the
overall system error.
‡3.5.4.5.2 DME/N. A transponder associated with a landing aid shall not contribute more than plus or minus 0.5
microsecond (75 m (250 ft)) to the overall system error.
3.5.4.5.3 DME/P — FA mode
3.5.4.5.3.1 Accuracy standard 1. The transponder shall not contribute more than plus or minus 10 m (plus or minus
33 ft) PFE and plus or minus 8 m (plus or minus 26 ft) CMN to the overall system error.
3.5.4.5.3.2 Accuracy standard 2. The transponder shall not contribute more than plus or minus 5 m (plus or minus 16 ft)
PFE and plus or minus 5 m (plus or minus 16 ft) CMN to the overall system error.
3.5.4.5.4 DME/P — IA mode. The transponder shall not contribute more than plus or minus 15 m (plus or minus 50 ft)
PFE and plus or minus 10 m (plus or minus 33 ft) CMN to the overall system error.
3.5.4.5.5 Recommendation.— When a DME is associated with an MLS angle facility, the above accuracy should
include the error introduced by the first pulse detection due to the pulse spacing tolerances.
Chapter 3 Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3-51 23/11/06
3.5.4.6 Efficiency
3.5.4.6.1 The transponder reply efficiency shall be at least 70 per cent for DME/N and DME/P (IA mode) and 80 per
cent for DME/P (FA mode) at all values of transponder loading up to the loading corresponding to 3.5.3.5 and at the
minimum sensitivity level specified in 3.5.4.2.3.1 and 3.5.4.2.3.5.
Note.— When considering the transponder reply efficiency value, account is to be taken of the DME dead time and of the
loading introduced by the monitoring function.
3.5.4.6.2 Transponder dead time. The transponder shall be rendered inoperative for a period normally not to exceed
60 microseconds after a valid interrogation decode has occurred. In extreme cases when the geographical site of the
transponder is such as to produce undesirable reflection problems, the dead time may be increased but only by the minimum
amount necessary to allow the suppression of echoes for DME/N and DME/P IA mode.
3.5.4.6.2.1 In DME/P the IA mode dead time shall not blank the FA mode channel and vice versa.
3.5.4.7 Monitoring and control
3.5.4.7.1 Means shall be provided at each transponder site for the automatic monitoring and control of the transponder
in use.
3.5.4.7.2 DME/N monitoring action
3.5.4.7.2.1 In the event that any of the conditions specified in 3.5.4.7.2.2 occur, the monitor shall cause the following
action to take place:
a) a suitable indication shall be given at a control point;
b) the operating transponder shall be automatically switched off; and
c) the standby transponder, if provided, shall be automatically placed in operation.
3.5.4.7.2.2 The monitor shall cause the actions specified in 3.5.4.7.2.1 if:
a) the transponder delay differs from the assigned value by 1 microsecond (150 m (500 ft)) or more;
‡b) in the case of a DME/N associated with a landing aid, the transponder delay differs from the assigned value by
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