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airborne ADF equipment switching frequencies, and where the design of the NDB is such that the power supply frequency is
likely to appear as a modulation product on the emission, the means of monitoring should be capable of detecting such power
supply modulation on the carrier in excess of 5 per cent.
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
23/11/06 3-36
3.4.8.3 During the hours of service of a locator, the means of monitoring shall provide for a continuous check on the
functioning of the locator as prescribed in 3.4.8.1 a), b) and c).
3.4.8.4 Recommendation.— During the hours of service of an NDB other than a locator, the means of monitoring
should provide for a continuous check on the functioning of the NDB as prescribed in 3.4.8.1 a), b) and c).
Note.— Guidance material on the testing of NDBs is contained in 6.6 of Attachment C.
3.5 Specification for UHF
distance measuring equipment (DME)
Note 1.— In the following section, provision is made for two types of DME facility: DME/N for application as outlined in
Chapter 2, 2.2.2, and DME/P as outlined in 3.11.3.
Note 2.— In the following paragraphs, those denoted by ‡ are applicable to equipment first installed after 1 January
1989 (Chapter 2, 2.2.2.1).
3.5.1 Definitions
Control motion noise (CMN). That portion of the guidance signal error which causes control surface, wheel and column
motion and could affect aircraft attitude angle during coupled flight, but does not cause aircraft displacement from the
desired course and/or glide path. (See 3.11.)
DME dead time. A period immediately following the decoding of a valid interrogation during which a received interrogation
will not cause a reply to be generated.
Note.— Dead time is intended to prevent the transponder from replying to echoes resulting from multipath effects.
DME/N. Distance measuring equipment, primarily serving operational needs of en-route or TMA navigation, where the “N”
stands for narrow spectrum characteristics.
DME/P. The distance measuring element of the MLS, where the “P” stands for precise distance measurement. The spectrum
characteristics are those of DME/N.
Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.). The product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a
given direction relative to an isotropic antenna (absolute or isotropic gain).
Final approach (FA) mode. The condition of DME/P operation which supports flight operations in the final approach and
runway regions.
Initial approach (IA) mode. The condition of DME/P operation which supports those flight operations outside the final
approach region and which is interoperable with DME/N.
Key down time. The time during which a dot or dash of a Morse character is being transmitted.
MLS approach reference datum. A point on the minimum glide path at a specified height above the threshold. (See 3.11.)
MLS datum point. The point on the runway centre line closest to the phase centre of the approach elevation antenna.
(See 3.11.)
Chapter 3 Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3-37 23/11/06
Mode W, X, Y, Z. A method of coding the DME transmissions by time spacing pulses of a pulse pair, so that each frequency
can be used more than once.
Partial rise time. The time as measured between the 5 and 30 per cent amplitude points on the leading edge of the pulse
envelope, i.e. between points h and i on Figures 3-1 and 3-2.
Path following error (PFE). That portion of the guidance signal error which could cause aircraft displacement from the
desired course and/or glide path. (See 3.11.)
Pulse amplitude. The maximum voltage of the pulse envelope, i.e. A in Figure 3-1.
Pulse decay time. The time as measured between the 90 and 10 per cent amplitude points on the trailing edge of the pulse
envelope, i.e. between points e and g on Figure 3-1.
Pulse code. The method of differentiating between W, X, Y and Z modes and between FA and IA modes.
Pulse duration. The time interval between the 50 per cent amplitude point on leading and trailing edges of the pulse envelope,
i.e. between points b and f on Figure 3-1.
Pulse rise time. The time as measured between the 10 and 90 per cent amplitude points on the leading edge of the pulse
envelope, i.e. between points a and c on Figure 3-1.
Reply efficiency. The ratio of replies transmitted by the transponder to the total of received valid interrogations.
Search. The condition which exists when the DME interrogator is attempting to acquire and lock onto the response to its own
interrogations from the selected transponder.
System efficiency. The ratio of valid replies processed by the interrogator to the total of its own interrogations.
Track. The condition which exists when the DME interrogator has locked onto replies in response to its own interrogations,
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