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b) Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) that provides the Channel of Standard Accuracy (CSA) navigation
signal as defined in 3.7.3.2;
c) aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS) as defined in 3.7.3.3;
d) satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) as defined in 3.7.3.4;
e) ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) as defined in 3.7.3.5;
f) ground-based regional augmentation system (GRAS) as defined in 3.7.3.5; and
g) aircraft GNSS receiver as defined in 3.7.3.6.
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
23/11/06 3-60
3.7.2.3 Space and time reference
3.7.2.3.1 Space reference. The position information provided by the GNSS to the user shall be expressed in terms of
the World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84) geodetic reference datum.
Note 1.— SARPs for WGS-84 are contained in Annex 4, Chapter 2, Annex 11, Chapter 2, Annex 14, Volumes I and II,
Chapter 2 and Annex 15, Chapter 3.
Note 2.— If GNSS elements using other than WGS-84 coordinates are employed, appropriate conversion parameters are
to be applied.
3.7.2.3.2 Time reference. The time data provided by the GNSS to the user shall be expressed in a time scale that takes
the Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) as reference.
3.7.2.4 Signal-in-space performance
3.7.2.4.1 The combination of GNSS elements and a fault-free GNSS user receiver shall meet the signal-in-space
requirements defined in Table 3.7.2.4-1 (located at the end of section 3.7).
Note.— The concept of a fault-free user receiver is applied only as a means of defining the performance of combinations of
different GNSS elements. The fault-free receiver is assumed to be a receiver with nominal accuracy and time-to-alert
performance. Such a receiver is assumed to have no failures that affect the integrity, availability and continuity performance.
3.7.3 GNSS elements specifications
3.7.3.1 GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS) (L1)
3.7.3.1.1 Space and control segment accuracy
Note.— The following accuracy standards do not include atmospheric or receiver errors as described in Attachment D,
4.1.2.
3.7.3.1.1.1 Positioning accuracy. The GPS SPS position errors shall not exceed the following limits:
Global average
95% of
the time
Worst site
95% of
the time
Horizontal position error
Vertical position error
13 m (43 ft)
22 m (72 ft)
36 m (118 ft)
77 m (253 ft)
3.7.3.1.1.2 Time transfer accuracy. The GPS SPS time transfer errors shall not exceed 40 nanoseconds 95 per cent of
the time.
3.7.3.1.1.3 Range domain accuracy. The range domain error shall not exceed the following limits:
a) range error of any satellite — the larger of:
— 30 m (100 ft); or
— 4.42 times the broadcast user range accuracy (URA), not to exceed 150 m (490 ft);
Chapter 3 Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3-61 23/11/06
b) range rate error of any satellite — 0.02 m (0.07 ft) per second;
c) range acceleration error of any satellite — 0.007 m (0.02 ft) per second-squared; and
d) root-mean-square range error over all satellites — 6 m (20 ft).
3.7.3.1.2 Availability. The GPS SPS availability shall be as follows:
≥99 per cent horizontal service availability, average location (36 m 95 per cent threshold)
≥99 per cent vertical service availability, average location (77 m 95 per cent threshold)
≥90 per cent horizontal service availability, worst-case location (36 m 95 per cent threshold)
≥90 per cent vertical service availability, worst-case location (77 m 95 per cent threshold)
3.7.3.1.3 Reliability. The GPS SPS reliability shall be within the following limits:
a) frequency of a major service failure — not more than three per year for the constellation (global average);
b) reliability — at least 99.94 per cent (global average); and
c) reliability — at least 99.79 per cent (single point average).
3.7.3.1.4 Coverage. The GPS SPS shall cover the surface of the earth up to an altitude of 3 000 kilometres.
Note.— Guidance material on GPS accuracy, availability, reliability and coverage is given in Attachment D, 4.1.
3.7.3.1.5 Radio frequency (RF) characteristics
Note.— Detailed RF characteristics are specified in Appendix B, 3.1.1.1.
3.7.3.1.5.1 Carrier frequency. Each GPS satellite shall broadcast an SPS signal at the carrier frequency of
1 575.42 MHz (GPS L1) using code division multiple access (CDMA).
Note.— A new civil frequency will be added to the GPS satellites and will be offered by the United States for critical
safety-of-life applications. SARPs for this signal may be developed at a later date.
3.7.3.1.5.2 Signal spectrum. The GPS SPS signal power shall be contained within a ±12 MHz band (1 563.42 –
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