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inflight weather information. Flight Service Specialists
are qualified and certificated by the NWS as Pilot
Weather Briefers. They are not authorized to make
original forecasts, but are authorized to translate and
interpret available forecasts and reports directly into
terms describing the weather conditions which you
can expect along your flight route and at your
destination. Available aviation weather reports,
forecasts and aviation weather charts are displayed at
each AFSS/FSS, for pilot use. Pilots should feel free
to use these self briefing displays where available, or
to ask for a briefing or assistance from the specialist
on duty. Three basic types of preflight briefings are
available to serve your specific needs. These are:
Standard Briefing, Abbreviated Briefing, and
Outlook Briefing. You should specify to the briefer
the type of briefing you want, along with your
appropriate background information. This will
enable the briefer to tailor the information to your
intended flight. The following paragraphs describe
the types of briefings available and the information
provided in each briefing.
REFERENCEAIM,
Preflight Preparation, Paragraph 5-1-1, for items that are
required.
b. Standard Briefing. You should request a
Standard Briefing any time you are planning a flight
and you have not received a previous briefing or have
not received preliminary information through mass
dissemination media; e.g., TIBS, TWEB (Alaska
only), etc. International data may be inaccurate or
incomplete. If you are planning a flight outside of
U.S. controlled airspace, the briefer will advise you
to check data as soon as practical after entering
foreign airspace, unless you advise that you have the
international cautionary advisory. The briefer will
automatically provide the following information in
the sequence listed, except as noted, when it is
applicable to your proposed flight.
1. Adverse Conditions. Significant meteorological
and aeronautical information that might
influence the pilot to alter the proposed flight;
e.g.,hazardous weather conditions, airport closures,
air traffic delays, etc.
2. VFR Flight Not Recommended. When
VFR flight is proposed and sky conditions or
visibilities are present or forecast, surface or aloft,
that in the briefer's judgment would make flight
under visual flight rules doubtful, the briefer will
describe the conditions, affected locations, and use
the phrase “VFR flight not recommended.” This
recommendation is advisory in nature. The final
decision as to whether the flight can be conducted
safely rests solely with the pilot.
3. Synopsis. A brief statement describing the
type, location and movement of weather systems
and/or air masses which might affect the proposed
flight.
NOTEThese
first 3 elements of a briefing may be combined in any
order when the briefer believes it will help to more clearly
describe conditions.
4. Current Conditions. Reported weather
conditions applicable to the flight will be summarized
from all available sources; e.g., METARs/ SPECIs,
PIREPs, RAREPs. This element will be omitted if the
proposed time of departure is beyond 2 hours, unless
the information is specifically requested by the pilot.
5. En Route Forecast. Forecast en route
conditions for the proposed route are summarized in
logical order; i.e., departure/climbout, en route, and
descent. (Heights are MSL, unless the contractions
“AGL” or “CIG” are denoted indicating that heights
are above ground.)
6. Destination Forecast. The destination forecast
for the planned ETA. Any significant changes
within 1 hour before and after the planned arrival are
included.
7. Winds Aloft. Forecast winds aloft will be
provided using degrees of the compass. The briefer
will interpolate wind directions and speeds between
levels and stations as necessary to provide expected
2/14/08 AIM
Meteorology 7-1-7
conditions at planned altitudes. (Heights are MSL.)
Temperature information will be provided on request.
8. Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs).
(a) Available NOTAM (D) information pertinent
to the proposed flight.
(b) NOTAM (L) information pertinent to the
departure and/or local area, if available, and pertinent
FDC NOTAMs within approximately 400 miles of
the FSS providing the briefing. AFSS facilities will
provide FDC NOTAMs for the entire route of flight.
(c) FSS briefers do not provide FDC NOTAM
information for special instrument approach procedures
unless specifically asked. Pilots authorized by
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