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FAA to change or increase the regulatory burden on
the user. Rather, the definitions are meant to eliminate
confusion by differentiating between weather
products that may be utilized to meet regulatory
requirements and other weather products that may
only be used to improve situational awareness.
k. All flight-related, aviation weather decisions
must be based on primary weather products.
Supplementary weather products augment the
primary products by providing additional weather
information but may not be used as stand-alone
weather products to meet aviation weather regulatory
requirements or without the relevant primary
products. When discrepancies exist between primary
and supplementary weather products describing the
same weather phenomena, users must base flightrelated
decisions on the primary weather product.
Furthermore, multiple primary products may be
necessary to meet all aviation weather regulatory
requirements.
l. The development of enhanced communications
capabilities, most notably the Internet, has allowed
pilots access to an ever-increasing range of weather
service providers and proprietary products. The FAA
has identified three distinct types of weather
information available to pilots and operators.
1. Observations. Raw weather data collected
by some type of sensor suite including surface and
airborne observations, radar, lightning, satellite
imagery, and profilers.
2. Analysis. Enhanced depiction and/or
interpretation of observed weather data.
3. Forecasts. Predictions of the development
and/or movement of weather phenomena based on
meteorological observations and various
mathematical models.
m. Not all sources of aviation weather information
are able to provide all three types of weather
information. The FAA has determined that operators
and pilots may utilize the following approved sources
of aviation weather information:
1. Federal Government. The FAA and NWS
collect raw weather data, analyze the observations,
and produce forecasts. The FAA and NWS
disseminate meteorological observations, analyses,
and forecasts through a variety of systems. In
addition, the Federal Government is the only
approval authority for sources of weather
observations; for example, contract towers and
airport operators may be approved by the Federal
Government to provide weather observations.
2. Enhanced Weather Information System
(EWINS). An EWINS is an FAA approved,
proprietary system for tracking, evaluating,
reporting, and forecasting the presence or lack of
adverse weather phenomena. An EWINS is
authorized to produce flight movement forecasts,
adverse weather phenomena forecasts, and other
meteorological advisories. For more detailed
information regarding EWINS, see the Aviation
Weather Services Advisory Circular 00-45 and the
Air Transportation Operations Inspector's
Handbook8400.10.
3. Commercial Weather Information
Providers. In general, commercial providers
produce proprietary weather products based on
NWS/FAA products with formatting and layout
modifications but no material changes to the weather
information itself. This is also referred to as
“repackaging.” In addition, commercial providers
may produce analyses, forecasts, and other
proprietary weather products that substantially alter
the information contained in government-produced
products. However, those proprietary weather
products that substantially alter governmentproduced
weather products or information, may only
be approved for use by 14 CFR Part 121 and Part 135
certificate holders if the commercial provider is
EWINS qualified.
NOTECommercial
weather information providers contracted by
FAA to provide weather observations, analyses, and
forecasts (e.g., contract towers) are included in the Federal
AIM 2/14/08
7-1-6 Meteorology
Government category of approved sources by virtue of
maintaining required technical and quality assurance
standards under Federal Government oversight.
n. As a point of clarification, Advisory
Circular00-62, Internet Communications of
Aviation Weather and NOTAMS, describes the
process for a weather information provider to become
a Qualified Internet Communications Provider
(QICP) and only applies to 14 CFR Part 121 and
Part135 certificate holders. Therefore, pilots
conducting operations under 14 CFR Part 91 may
access weather products via the public Internet.
7-1-4. Preflight Briefing
a. Flight Service Stations (AFSSs/FSSs) are the
primary source for obtaining preflight briefings and
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