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change to ensure the exchange of accurate traffic
information.
b. Controller.
1. May clear an aircraft to maintain VFR‐on‐top
if the pilot of an aircraft on an IFR flight plan requests
the clearance.
2. Informs the pilot of an aircraft cleared to
climb to VFR‐on‐top the reported height of the tops
or that no top report is available; issues an alternate
clearance if necessary; and once the aircraft reports
reaching VFR‐on‐top, reclears the aircraft to
maintain VFR‐on‐top.
3. Before issuing clearance, ascertain that the
aircraft is not in or will not enter Class A airspace.
5-5-14. Instrument Departures
a. Pilot.
1. Prior to departure considers the type of terrain
and other obstructions on or in the vicinity of the
departure airport.
2. Determines if obstruction avoidance can be
maintained visually or that the departure procedure
should be followed.
3. Determines whether a departure procedure
and/or DP is available for obstruction avoidance.
4. At airports where IAPs have not been
published, hence no published departure procedure,
determines what action will be necessary and takes
such action that will assure a safe departure.
b. Controller.
1. At locations with airport traffic control
service, when necessary, specifies direction of
takeoff, turn, or initial heading to be flown after
takeoff.
2. At locations without airport traffic control
service but within Class E surface area when
necessary to specify direction of takeoff, turn, or
initial heading to be flown, obtains pilot's concurrence
that the procedure will allow the pilot to comply
with local traffic patterns, terrain, and obstruction
avoidance.
3. Includes established departure procedures as
part of the ATC clearance when pilot compliance is
necessary to ensure separation.
5-5-15. Minimum Fuel Advisory
a. Pilot.
1. Advise ATC of your minimum fuel status
when your fuel supply has reached a state where,
upon reaching destination, you cannot accept any
undue delay.
2. Be aware this is not an emergency situation,
but merely an advisory that indicates an emergency
situation is possible should any undue delay occur.
3. On initial contact the term “minimum fuel”
should be used after stating call sign.
EXAMPLESalt
Lake Approach, United 621, “minimum fuel.”
4. Be aware a minimum fuel advisory does not
imply a need for traffic priority.
2/14/08 AIM
Pilot/Controller Roles and Responsibilities 5-5-7
5. If the remaining usable fuel supply suggests
the need for traffic priority to ensure a safe landing,
you should declare an emergency due to low fuel and
report fuel remaining in minutes.
REFERENCEPilot/
Controller Glossary Item- Fuel Remaining.
b. Controller.
1. When an aircraft declares a state of minimum
fuel, relay this information to the facility to whom
control jurisdiction is transferred.
2. Be alert for any occurrence which might
delay the aircraft.
5-5-16. RNAV and RNP Operations
a. Pilot.
1. If unable to comply with the requirements of
an RNAV or RNP procedure, pilots must advise air
traffic control as soon as possible. For example,
“N1234, failure of GPS system, unable RNAV,
request amended clearance.”
2. Pilots are not authorized to fly a published
RNAV or RNP procedure (instrument approach,
departure, or arrival procedure) unless it is retrievable
by the procedure name from the aircraft navigation
database and conforms to the charted procedure.
3. Whenever possible, RNAV routes (Q- or
T-route) should be extracted from the database in
their entirety, rather than loading RNAV route
waypoints from the database into the flight plan
individually. However, selecting and inserting
individual, named fixes from the database is
permitted, provided all fixes along the published
route to be flown are inserted.
4. Pilots must not change any database
waypoint type from a fly-by to fly-over, or vice
versa. No other modification of database waypoints
or the creation of user-defined waypoints on
published RNAV or RNP procedures is permitted,
except to:
(a) Change altitude and/or airspeed waypoint
constraints to comply with an ATC clearance/
instruction.
(b) Insert a waypoint along the published
route to assist in complying with ATC instruction,
example, “Descend via the WILMS arrival except
cross 30 north of BRUCE at/or below FL 210.” This
is limited only to systems that allow along-track
waypoint construction.
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航空信息手册2008下(40)
