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advised of your destination and route of flight if other
than direct. Search efforts are often wasted and rescue
is often delayed because of pilots who thoughtlessly
takeoff without telling anyone where they are going.
File a flight plan for your safety.
3. According to the National Search and Rescue
Plan, “The life expectancy of an injured survivor
decreases as much as 80 percent during the first
24hours, while the chances of survival of uninjured
survivors rapidly diminishes after the first 3 days.”
4. An Air Force Review of 325 SAR missions
conducted during a 23-month period revealed that
“Time works against people who experience a
distress but are not on a flight plan, since 36 hours
normally pass before family concern initiates an
(alert).”
g. VFR Search and Rescue Protection.
1. To receive this valuable protection, file a VFR
or DVFR Flight Plan with an FAA FSS. For
maximum protection, file only to the point of first
intended landing, and refile for each leg to final
destination. When a lengthy flight plan is filed, with
several stops en route and an ETE to final destination,
a mishap could occur on any leg, and unless other
information is received, it is probable that no one
would start looking for you until 30 minutes after
your ETA at your final destination.
2. If you land at a location other than the
intended destination, report the landing to the nearest
FAA FSS and advise them of your original
destination.
3. If you land en route and are delayed more than
30 minutes, report this information to the nearest FSS
and give them your original destination.
4. If your ETE changes by 30 minutes or more,
report a new ETA to the nearest FSS and give them
your original destination. Remember that if you fail
to respond within one‐half hour after your ETA at
final destination, a search will be started to locate you.
5. It is important that you close your flight plan
IMMEDIATELY AFTER ARRIVAL AT YOUR FINAL
DESTINATION WITH THE FSS DESIGNATED
WHEN YOUR FLIGHT PLAN WAS FILED. The pilot
is responsible for closure of a VFR or DVFR flight
plan; they are not closed automatically. This will
prevent needless search efforts.
6. The rapidity of rescue on land or water will
depend on how accurately your position may be
determined. If a flight plan has been followed and
your position is on course, rescue will be expedited.
h. Survival Equipment.
1. For flight over uninhabited land areas, it is
wise to take and know how to use survival equipment
for the type of climate and terrain.
2. If a forced landing occurs at sea, chances for
survival are governed by the degree of crew
proficiency in emergency procedures and by the
availability and effectiveness of water survival
equipment.
i. Body Signal Illustrations.
1. If you are forced down and are able to attract
the attention of the pilot of a rescue airplane, the body
signals illustrated on these pages can be used to
transmit messages to the pilot circling over your
location.
2. Stand in the open when you make the signals.
3. Be sure the background, as seen from the air,
is not confusing.
4. Go through the motions slowly and repeat
each signal until you are positive that the pilot
understands you.
2/14/08 AIM
Emergency Services Available to Pilots 6-2-7
j. Observance of Downed Aircraft.
1. Determine if crash is marked with a yellow
cross; if so, the crash has already been reported and
identified.
2. If possible, determine type and number of
aircraft and whether there is evidence of survivors.
3. Fix the position of the crash as accurately as
possible with reference to a navigational aid. If
possible, provide geographic or physical description
of the area to aid ground search parties.
4. Transmit the information to the nearest FAA
or other appropriate radio facility.
5. If circumstances permit, orbit the scene to
guide in other assisting units until their arrival or until
you are relieved by another aircraft.
6. Immediately after landing, make a complete
report to the nearest FAA facility, or Air Force or
Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Center. The report
can be made by a long distance collect telephone call.
AIM 2/14/08
6-2-8 Emergency Services Available to Pilots
FIG 6-2-1
Ground-Air Visual Code for Use by Survivors
V
X
N
Y
NO. MESSAGE CODE SYMBOL
1 Require assistance
Require medical assistance
No or Negative
Yes or Affirmative
Proceeding in this direction
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